Chapter 7: Social Thinking

Question 1

How do we judge people?

Answer 1

Based on appearances, verbal behavior, their actions, and non verbal messages

Question 2

What is the theory behind biological need for interpersonal relationships?

Answer 2

Need to belong theory

Question 3

What is social cognition?

Answer 3

The way people perceive, interpret and categorize actions (whether their own or others)

Question 4

Which theory explains distinct human emotions?

Answer 4

Discrete emotions theory

Question 5

Who was the thinker behind Primary Emotions Theory?

Answer 5

Paul Ekman

Question 6

What is the difference between Primary and Secondary emotions?

Answer 6

Primary emotions can be categorized by universal emotions. (Anger, sadness, disgust etc) Secondary emotions are a combination (Fear + Surprise = Alarm)

Question 7

Why are self emotional reports invalid?

Answer 7

Has low validity, and are often impacted by personal bias

Question 8

What influences our behavior in certain situations?

Answer 8

Situational Cues

Question 9

Why do we make snap judgements?

Answer 9

Our brains are lazy, and making snap moment judgements save us energy

Question 10

What kind of judgment is used to deal with individuals who impact our welfare and happiness?

Answer 10

Systematic judgment

Question 11

What is an attribution?

Answer 11

Inferences we draw to explain behaviour

Question 12

Dispositional vs Situational Attribution

Answer 12

Behavior caused by the person vs behavior caused by the situation

Question 13

What is the name of the phenomenon where we search for things which verify our biases?

Answer 13

Confirmation bias

Question 14

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 14

Results as a result of our thinking, and or our behavior

Question 15

What is the term used to describe separating people into social groups by race, gender, ethnicity?

Answer 15

Social Catagorization

Question 16

What causes us to see out-group members as more alike than they actually are?

Answer 16

Out-group Homogeneity Effect

Question 17

What is implicit attitude?

Answer 17

A person which is unaware of their attitude

Question 18

What happens if we generalize a group of people?

Answer 18

Results in sterotypes

Question 19

What causes us to distrust anyone unfamiliar or strange?

Answer 19

Adaptive conservatism

Question 20

What is Fundamental Attribution Error?

Answer 20

Using dispositional attribution to explain the behavior of other people

Question 21

Where First impressions, and last impressions leave a lasting impact on us

Answer 21

The primary effect

Question 22

Negative attitude towards a specific group of people, matter of attitude

Answer 22

Prejudice

Question 23

Behaving differently towards a group of people, matter of action

Answer 23

Discrimination

Question 24

What explains the belief that people will get what they deserve?

Answer 24

Belief in a just world

Question 25

Why do we separate people into in-groups and out-groups?

Answer 25

Because of cognitive distortion

Question 26

What is realistic conflict theory?

Answer 26

Amount of conflict = determines amount of prejudice

Question 27

Targets of stereotypes begin to internalize those stereotypes

Answer 27

Stereotype threat

Question 28

What kind of goals override differences among people, requiring cooperation?

Answer 28

Superordinate Goals

Question 29

What is the difference between Central and Peripheral routes of persuasion?

Answer 29

Careful, deliberate vs superficial info, snap judgements

Question 30

Why are we nice to those who are nice to us?

Answer 30

Norm of repocity

Question 31

What kind of conformity is used to appeal to others, whilst avoiding deviance?

Answer 31

Normative influence

Question 32

In what experiment was Informal influence used?

Answer 32

Milgrim Experiment

Question 33

What is informal influence?

Answer 33

Any type of leadership that is not based upon formal authority

Question 34

When is obedience the strongest?

Answer 34

Others taking responsibility for your actions, you are motivated to meet an authority figure's expectations, or if you have little time to think about your actions

Question 35

What is the difference between conformity and compliance?

Answer 35

Conformity is voluntary while compliance is enforced

Question 36

What is a motor program

Answer 36

Physiological response that is common for all humans. For example clenches teeth when angry

Question 37

What is the robbers cave experiment

Answer 37

Based on realistic conflict theory Experiment was done one 11 year old boys who were split into two group. They began a rivalry but when asked to work together they became friends

Question 38

What are the 3 persuasion strategies

Answer 38

Foot in the door technique Door in the face technique Low ball technique

Question 39

Foot in the door technique

Answer 39

making a small request before making a bigger on

Question 40

Door in the face technique

Answer 40

making an unreasonably large request before making a small request (the one you wanted anyway)

Question 41

Low ball technique

Answer 41

seller starts by quoting a price below actual sale price. Then mentions the desirable add-ons

Question 42

Ads that make it seem like something bad will happen if you do not comply

Answer 42

Appeals to fear

Question 43

What is the - tendency of people to change their behaviour because of group influence

Answer 43

Conformity

Question 44

The asch paradigm

Answer 44

series of tests to see the extent of social pressure in conformity Matching lines experiment we saw in psych 30

Question 45

Unanimity

Answer 45

If someone says the right answer (the answer you think is right) you are less likely to conform with the majority

Question 46

Difference in the wrong answer

Answer 46

Someone else picks a answer that differs from the group even if this isnt your answer you are less likely to conform

Question 47

Size of the majority

Answer 47

Only strong when group size is stronger then for members. Number of people in the majority doesnt matter

Question 48

Compliance

Answer 48

when your behaviour is caused by social pressure and does not affect your private beliefs. Example bullying people on roblox cause your friends are doing it even tho you think its wrong

Question 49

Bystander effect

Answer 49

bystanders want to help, but often find themselves ‘frozen’ and unable to help. More people means less likely to help

Question 50

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 50

we are less likely to assist in a large group because responsibility to help is shared (someone else will do it)

Question 51

Deindividuation

Answer 51

the tendency to engage in an atypical behaviour when stripped of your identity Example being toxic on twitter