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Health Science 20 > Chapter 7 The Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 The Muscular System Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the muscular system?

A

The muscular system allows for movement

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2
Q

External

A

motion of the arms and legs

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3
Q

Internal

A

motion including the movement of the digestive system
and the respiratory system

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4
Q

T/F: Different types of muscles allow for both external and internal movement.

A

True

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5
Q

general term for all skeletal muscle tissue

A

Muscle

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6
Q

Contraction

A

muscle tissue becomes short and thick because of a
nerve impulse

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7
Q

Relaxation

A

occurs when impulse ends - returning to the initial state

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8
Q

Cause of movement

A

Alternating contraction and relaxation

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9
Q

Muscle tissue

A

is constructed of bundles of fascicles

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10
Q

fascicles

A

is made
of myofibrils

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11
Q

myofibrils

A

made up of myofilaments which is the smallest subunit

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12
Q

Myofilaments

A

made of 3 protein structures called: actin , myosin, and the
nonfunctional unit titin

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13
Q

What are skeletal muscles

A

Attached to tendons which attach to bone; provide movement for the
body

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14
Q

Striated

A

means they look striped

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15
Q

Voluntary

A

movement is controlled by conscious thought

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16
Q

Contraction

A

shortening of muscle

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17
Q

All movement is a result of what?

A

contraction of primary movers and
extension/relaxation of opposing muscles

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18
Q

flexor

A

The muscle shortening the angle

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19
Q

the muscle
lengthening the angle is called the

A

extensor

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20
Q

Circular movement that occurs
around an axis

A

Rotation / circumduction

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21
Q

Movement away from the
midline

A

Abduction

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22
Q

Movement toward the midline

A

Adduction

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23
Q

Increasing the angle between
bones connected at a joint

A

Extension

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24
Q

Decreasing the angle between
two bones connected at a joint

A

Flexion

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25
What is a muscle?
a collection of cells, is a tissue
26
Sarcomeres
are the functional contractile units of each fiber. They contract but do not shorten
27
Each sarcomere consists of what?
two types of threadlike structures called thick and thin myofilaments
28
Thick myofilaments
are made up of the protein myosin
29
Thin myofilaments
are made up of the protein actin
30
Acetylcholine
a neurotransmitter, is released from the nervous system
31
Releasing acetylcholine causes what?
This causes contraction by causing myosin heads to bind to actin filaments (crossbridge formation)
32
What form of energy is needed for contraction and relaxation?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
33
What are needed to make ATP?
Oxygen and glucose
34
What can be converted to glucose?
Glycogen stored in muscle
35
What does increased blood supply to muscles do?
Gives them a darker colour. Allows them to carry much-needed oxygen.
36
T/F: Muscles produce heat
True
37
Why is important for muscles to produce heat?
Producing heat is important in maintaining homeostasis when it is too cold, like shivering.
38
What happens during Rigor Mortis?
When a body dies, all the stored calcium is unable to be pumped back out of the muscles. Excess calcium remains in the muscles throughout the body and causes muscle fibers to shorten and contract the whole body. Shortage of ATP also contributes.
39
Smooth Muscle is also called
visceral muscle
40
Smooth muscle can be found in?
Found in hollow organs (except heart) and tubes, such as blood vessels
41
Smooth muscles; slower...
slower than skeletal muscles and uncontrolled
42
vasodilation
Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel
43
vasoconstriction
Decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel
44
close and open tubes
Sphincters
45
Cardiac Muscles an be found where?
Found in the wall of the heart
46
Cardiac muscles are uncontrolled therefore they are?
involuntary
47
Cardiac muscle fibers are?
Fibers are shorter and receive a richer supply of blood than any other muscle in the body
48
Intercalated disks
connective fibers; causing one fiber to contract and then pull the next one into a contraction, creating a domino effect
49
T/F: Cardiac muscles do not regenerate themselves, leading to scarring.
True
50
Tonus (muscle tone)
partial contraction of a muscle with resistance to stretching
51
Hypertrophy
increased muscle size
52
atrophy
muscle wasting from disuse
53
myalgia
pain or tenderness in a muscle
54
fibromyalgia
a disease that mainly affects women under 40 but is not fully understood
55
fibromyalgia symptoms?
include aches, pains, and muscle stiffness with specific tender points; cause is unknown but is linked with chronic fatigue syndrome.
56
Paralysis
partial or total loss of function in skeletal muscles; can be either flaccid or rigid paralysis
57
spasms or cramps
involuntary sudden and violent contraction of a muscle for a prolonged period of time
58
Sprains
tears or breaks in ligaments
59
Strains
actual tears in tendons or muscles
60
Shin splints
inflammatory condition of the extensor muscles and surrounding tissues of the lower leg; often found in runners
61
Hernia
tear in the muscle wall through which an organ of the body protrudes
62
Tendinitis
inflammation of tendon
63
electromyography
a diagnostic test in which a muscle or group of muscles are stimulated with an electrical impulse, causing contraction, allowing the strength of the contraction to be measured
64
Myasthenia gravis
- Gradually increasing profound muscle weakness - Drooping eyelids frequently the first symptom
65
Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Disorder of the peripheral nervous system that causes flaccid paralysis and the loss of reflexes - Ascends from the feet and progressing to the head - Paralysis peaks in 10 to 14 days and then subsides gradually
66
Tetanus
Creates rigid paralysis, and any minor stimulus causes muscles to go into a major spasm
67
Tetanus is caused by?
Caused by toxins produced by bacteria found in the ground and can be spread by any type of puncture, not just a rusty nail
68
Botulism
is a potentially deadly disease resulting from bacterial poisoning with the Clostridium botulinum bacteria.
69
Botox
- Science can utilize botulinum toxins for medical and cosmetic treatment. - Small amounts of botulinus toxin are injected into facial muscles to stop previously untreatable facial twitching by paralyzing the muscles. - Toxin also is used to treat wrinkles without surgery; known as botox injections
70
Muscular dystrophy
- Degenerative muscular diseases - Muscle fibers degenerate

Health Science 20 (3 decks)

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