Chapter 72- Childhood Immunizations Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the primary purpose of immunizations?
To protect against infectious diseases.
What is the most effective method to achieve immunity in a population?
Create a highly immune population.
What is the goal of universal vaccination?
To achieve widespread immunity against diseases.
True or False: Vaccines carry risks, but the risks of diseases are much greater.
True.
Define active immunity.
An immune response with antibody formation through vaccines, toxoids, or natural exposure.
Define passive immunity.
A temporary immune state created by the administration of antibodies.
What are immune globulins?
Antibodies administered to provide temporary immunity.
What is a toxoid?
A bacterial toxin that has been changed to a nontoxic form.
What is required by the National Childhood Vaccine Act of 1986?
A permanent record of each mandated vaccination.
What information is included in vaccination records?
- Date of vaccination
- Route and site of vaccination
- Vaccine type, manufacturer, lot number, expiration date
- Name, address, title of person administering the vaccine
What is herd immunity?
Immunity that occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to an infectious disease.
List three target diseases for childhood immunizations.
- Measles
- Mumps
- Rubella
What type of vaccine is the Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (MMR)?
Attenuated live vaccine.
What is the quadrivalent influenza vaccine designed to protect against?
2 strains of influenza A and 2 strains of influenza B.
True or False: Mild allergy to eggs is a contraindication for receiving the influenza vaccine.
False.
What is the role of B-cells in the immune response?
Mediated by antibodies in the blood; principal defense against extracellular microbes.
What are the two main types of T-cells?
- Helper T-cells
- Cytotoxic T-cells
What does cell-mediated immunity primarily defend against?
Intracellular microbes such as viruses.
What is the significance of memory B-cells?
They wait for another exposure to a specific antigen to become activated.
What does the activation of CD4+ T-cells stimulate?
B cells to produce plasma cells that produce antibodies.
Fill in the blank: The only immunoglobulin that readily crosses the placenta is _______.
IgG.
What happens to the immune system as a person ages?
Declining ability to adapt to environmental stresses and decreased immune responsiveness.
What occurs to the thymus gland beginning at puberty?
It decreases in size to 15% of its mature size.
When do IgM levels rise sharply in neonates?
At about 6 days of age.
