Chapter 73 - Energy and Metabolic Weight

Question 1

Energy Currency in Metabolism

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

Amount of calories for the removal of each high-energy phosphate bond in ATP

Answer 2

7, 300 calories

Question 3

Combustion of Carbohydrates (glucose & fructose) to produce ATP (1) anaerobic & (2) aerobic

Answer 3

(1) glycolysis
(2) krebs/Aerobic citric acid cycle

Question 4

Combustion of Fats to produce ATP

Answer 4

Beta-oxidation

Question 5

Combustion of Proteins to produce ATP

Answer 5

Hydrolysis to AA the transamination to intermediate compounds of the citric acid cycle

Question 6

Enzyme to cause the breakdown of ATP for muscle contraction

Answer 6

Myosin

Question 7

Most abundant store of high-energy phosphate bonds in the cells

Answer 7

Phosphocreatine (3 to 8 times more abundant than ATP)

Question 8

Amount of calories for the removal of each high-energy phosphate bond in phosphocreatine

Total?

Answer 8

8, 500 cal

Total: 13, 000 cal

Question 9

Function as ATP buffer system

Answer 9

ATP-phosphocreatine system

Question 10

Anaerobic sources (#3)

Answer 10

1. ATP present in muscle cells
2. phosphocreatine in cells
3. glycolytic breakdown of glycogen to lactic acid

Question 11

Time that the phosphagen energy system can provide

Answer 11

5 to 10 seconds

Question 12

Rate of the overall chemical reaction is determined by

Answer 12

• conc. of the enzyme
• conc. of the substrate

Question 13

Major rate-limiting factor for almost all energy metabolism of the body

Answer 13

ADP

Question 14

Type of fat that contains large numbers of mitochondria and many small globules of fat instead of one large fat globule

Answer 14

Brown Fat

Question 15

Glucose to pyruvic produces a net of

Answer 15

2 ATP

Question 16

Glycogen to pyruvic acid produces a net of

Answer 16

3 ATP

Question 17

Minimum level of energy required to exist;
Accounts for 50% to 70% of the daily expenditure in most sedentary people

Answer 17

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 18

Conditions in measuring BMR

Answer 18

1. the person must not have eaten food for at least 12 hrs
2. the BMR is determined after a night of restful sleep
3. no strenuous activity at least 1 hr before test
4. NO excitement - eliminate all psychic and physical factors
5. comfortable air temperature (68 to 80 degrees fahrenheit)
6. no physical activity during the test

Question 19

Measures the heat liberated from the body

Answer 19

Direct Calorimetry

Question 20

The “energy equivalent” of Oxygen

Answer 20

Indirect Calorimetry