Chapter 7B

Question 1

4) What are three hormones that can all target a single cell or tissue?

Answer 1

4) Growth Hormone, Thyroxin, and Somatomedins.

Question 2

5) What term means that target cells for a hormone remove receptors due to sustained high levels of the hormone?

Answer 2

5) Down regulation.

Question 3

6) What effects does exogenous medication using hormones have on the glands that produce that hormone?

Answer 3

6) Causes atrophy of gland.

Question 4

7) What do hypothalamic neurohormones control?

Answer 4

7) Controls the pituitary gland.

Question 5

8) Where is the pituitary located?

Answer 5

8) Lima bean sized gland below the hypothalamus.

Question 6

9) Growth hormone, somatomedins, and thyroxin all have the effect of increasing?

Answer 6

9) Growth.

Question 7

10) What type of hormone/ medication is injected or ingested?

Answer 7

10) Exogenous.

Question 8

11) What is the main function of oxytocin?

Answer 8

11) Controls milk delivery and contractions during labor in women.

Question 9

12) What is SADD? What are its treatments?

Answer 9

12) Seasonal affective depressive disorder during winter months. Treatment includes sunlight, sun lamp, and blue light.

Question 10

13) What hormone controls milk delivery and contractions during labor?

Answer 10

13) Oxytocin.

Question 11

14) What gland produces melatonin?

Answer 11

14) Melatonin is produced in the melanosome, which is found in the pineal.

Question 12

15) What six hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 12

15) Prolactin (PRL)

Thyrotropin (TSH)

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

Human growth hormone (HGH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 13

16) The posterior pituitary synthesizes the hormones that it releases? T/F

Answer 13

16) False

Question 14

17) Any hormone that controls secretion of another hormone is called a:

Answer 14

17) Tropic hormone.

Question 15

18) What are the two major groups of hormones produced by the nervous system?

Answer 15

18) Catecholamines and Hypothalamic

Question 16

19) How is melatonin like a common vitamin?

Answer 16

19) Has antioxidant effects (Similar to vitamin C).

Question 17

20) Any mechanism in which the presence of the product (stimulus) of the system reduces the production of the product (stimulus) is called?

Answer 17

20) Negative Feedback

Question 18

21) Insulin is produced by the?

Answer 18

21) Pancreas.

Question 19

22) What two stimuli might cause the pancreas to begin to secrete insulin?

Answer 19

22) Stimulation of stretch receptors in stomach after a meal. Increase glucose levels.

Question 20

23) When one or more hormones require the presence of another before they can work this is called? Give an example.

Answer 20

23) Permissiveness, reproductive system needs several hormones released together to begin.

Question 21

24) What two parts compose the pituitary gland?

Answer 21

24) Anterior and posterior

Question 22

25) What reflex occurs when stretch receptors in the stomach are stimulated or blood glucose levels rise?

Answer 22

25) Stimuli for production of insulin.

Question 23

26) What effect does insulin have on blood glucose?

Answer 23

26) Insulin lowers blood glucose.

Question 24

27) What are some examples of hypo- and hypersecretion of hormones?

Answer 24

27) Hypersecretion is too much hormone produced. May be caused by tumors or cancer. Gigantism and acromegaly; human growth hormone.

Hyposecretion is too little. Goiter/thyroxin and diabetes/insulin.

Question 25

28) When is melanin usually produced in higher levels?

Answer 25

28) Usually secreted when eyes perceive darkness. Increase in melatonin levels causes drowsiness.

Question 26

29) When several hormones secreted together have a more than additive effect, this is called?

Answer 26

29) Synergism

Question 27

30) What is an example of the synergistic effect of several hormones?

Answer 27

30) Cortisol, Glucagon, and Epinephrine.

Question 28

31) What term means that two hormones work in opposition to each other? Give an example.

Answer 28

31) Antaganism. Glucagon opposes insulin.

Question 29

32) What does the expression, “there are no bad hormones” mean?

Answer 29

32) No bad hormones, just too much or too little.

Question 30

33) What are the main causes and treatments for hyperinsulinemia?

Answer 30

33) Sustained high levels of insulin. Target cells remove insulin receptors.

Question 31

34) What effects does melatonin have on the body?

Answer 31

34) Causes drowsiness, and has an antioxidant effect. Influences body sleep and wake cycles.