Chapter 8

Question 1

population

Answer 1

all the individuals of the same species within the same area

Question 2

same species

Answer 2

implies a potential to interbreed

Question 3

spatial

Answer 3

requiring some kind of defined boundary

Question 4

why study populations

Answer 4

manage natural populations
helps understand diseases and epidemics
helps anticipate change associated with climate
understanding human population dynamics

Question 5

spatial structure

Answer 5

geographic range
dispersion patterns
density and abundance
geographic connectivity

Question 6

demographic structure

Answer 6

numbers of juveniles/adults

number of males/females

Question 7

geographic range

Answer 7

area that encompasses the entire spatial distribution of a species

Question 8

cosmopolitan/ubiquitous

Answer 8

geographically widespread

Question 9

endemic

Answer 9

geographically localized

Question 10

abundance

Answer 10

the total number of individuals in an area

reflects both population density and distribution

Question 11

dispersion patterns

Answer 11

spacing of individuals in a poluation

Question 12

types of dispersion patterns

Answer 12

clumped, uniform, random

Question 13

ecologists measure abundance in plants with

Answer 13

quadrants, line transects, hula hoop sampling

Question 14

ecologists measure abundance in animals with

Answer 14

collecting/counting all organisms in an area

traps

Question 15

petersen-mark recapture index

Answer 15

M/N=R/n

Question 16

M

Answer 16

of marked and released individuals

Question 17

N

Answer 17

total population (unknown)

Question 18

R

Answer 18

of recaptured marked individuals

Question 19

n

Answer 19

of individuals captured in second sampling

Question 20

vocalizations

Answer 20

bird songs

Question 21

scat observations

Answer 21

number of scats along a transect

Question 22

track plates

Answer 22

number of tracks per kilometer per time

Question 23

metapopulation

Answer 23

a population broken into sets of subpopulations held together by dispersal or movements of individuals among them

Question 24

demography

Answer 24

study of statistics such as births, deaths, or incidence of disease, which change the structure of populations

Question 25

dispersal

Answer 25

the movement of individuals within space (often by specific age classes and sexes)

Question 26

forms of passive dispersal

Answer 26

wind, gravity, water, rides on animals

Question 27

risks of migration

Answer 27

disease, predation, food availability

Question 28

three possibilities of geographic connectivity of populations

Answer 28

``` A = continuous populations B = metapopulations C = isolated populations ```