Chapter 8 Flashcards
(18 cards)
myelination
the process by which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron
corpus callosem
a long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them
lateralization
literally, “sidedness,” referring to the specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain, with one side dominant for each activity. left side of brain controls right side of body and vice versa
impulse control
the ability to postpone or deny the immediate response to idea/behavior
perseverate
to stay stuck, or persevere, in one thought or action for a long time, the ability to be flexible, switching from one task to another, is beyond most children
injury control/harm reduction
practices that are aimed at anticipating, controlling, and preventing dangerous activities; these practices reflect the beliefs that accidents are not random and injuries can be made less harmful if proper controls are in place
primary prevention
actions that change overall background conditions to prevent some unwanted event or circumstance such as injury, disease, or abuse
secondart precention
actions that avert harm in a high-risk situation, such as holding a child’s hand when crossing the street
tertiary prevention
actions, such as immediate and effective medical treatment, that are taken after an adverse event (illness/injury) and that reduce harm
child maltreatment
intentional harm to or avoidable endangerment of anyone under 18 yo
child abuse
deliberate action that is harmful to a child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well being
child neglect
failure to meet a child’s basic needs (physical, educational, or emotional)
substantiated maltreatment
harm or endangerment that has been reported, investigated, and verified
reported maltreatment
harm or endangerment about which someone has notified the authorities
PTSD
an anxiety disorder that develops as a delayed reaction to exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. symptoms include flashbacks to event, hyperactivity and hypervigilance, delayed anger, sleeplessness, nightmares, sudden terror or anxiety, and confusion between fantasy and reality
permanency planning
an effort by child-welfare authorities to find a long-term living situation that will provide stability and support for a maltreated child. a goal is to avoid repeated changes of caregiver or school, which can be particularly harmful
foster care
a legal, publicly supported system in which a maltreated child is removed from the parents’ custody and entrusted to another adult or family who is reimbursed for expenses incurred in meeting the child’s needs
kinship care
a form of foster care in which a relative of a maltreated child, usually a grandparent, becomes the approved caregiver
