Chapter 8 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Define universitality.
Patterns that hold for all humans
Define specificity.
Individual variation
TorF: Interactions between constraints change during growth and aging
True
What are the two phases that prenatal growth has?
1) Embryonic growth
2) Fetal growth
When is embryonic dvelopment?
Conception to 8 weeks
When is fetal development?
8 weeks to birth
What is differentiation?
Is the process wherein cells become specialized
What is hyperplasia?
Is an increase in the absolute number of cells
What is plasticity?
Capability of taking on a new function - modifiability or malleability
What are significant appearances/internal developments that occur during 8 weeks?
Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, fingers, toes formed, some sensory organ development beginning
What are significant appearances/internal developments that occur during 12 weeks?
Can tell the sex, large head, brain configuration nearly complete
What are significant appearances/internal developments that occur during 16 weeks?
Motor activity, trunk size gaingin on head size, heart muscle developed, sense organs formed
How does the fetus obtain oxygen and nutrients?
Oxygen and nutrients diffuse between fetal and maternal blood in the placenta
TorF: If nutrients or oxygen are limited, the mother will obtain all of the nutrients which can compromise the fetus.
False. If nutrients or oxygen are limited, the mother and fetus compete for them, which in the end can compromise the fetus.
Can the source of abnormal fetal development be genetic or extrinsic?
Yes, it can be one or the other
With genetics, what kind of issues can arise that cause abnormal fetal development?
- Can be dominant disorders (deffective or recessive genes)
- Can result from a mutation of a gene
- Effects on growth and maturation are variable
With extrinsic (congenital defects), what kind of issues can arise that cause abnormal fetal development?
- Can affect the fetus through nourishment or physical environment
- Teratogens; any drugs or chemicals that cause abnormal prenatal development upon exposure
- Environmental factors include pressure, temperature, x and gamma rays, pollutants, etc.
- Many others
What kind of growth occurs during post natal development?
Overall growth (both height and weight) follows a sigmoid (s-shaped) pattern
When does peak height occur in females and when does it taper?
Peak height velocity occurs at 11.5 to 12 years old and tapers off between 14 to 16 years old
When does peak height occur in males and when does it taper?
Peak height velocity occurs at 13.5 to 14 years old and tapers off vetween 17 to 18 years old
