Chapter 8

Question 1

idea that intelligence is a trait that is measurable and varies from person to person

Answer 1

psychometric approach

Question 2

fear of being judged to have the qualities associated with negative ideas of one’s social group

Answer 2

stereotype threat

Question 3

emphasizes three aspects of intelligent behavior: practical component, creative component, and analytic component

Answer 3

theory of successful intelligence

Question 4

ability to actively think and reason to solve novel problems

Answer 4

fluid intelligence

Question 5

numerical measure of a person’s performance on a problem-solving test

Answer 5

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 6

possession of unusually high general intellectual potential or special abilities in areas valued in society

Answer 6

giftedness

Question 7

set of widely used, individually administered intelligence tests that yield verbal, performance, and overall IQ scores

Answer 7

Wechsler Scales

Question 8

sheer number of different proposals that a person can generate

Answer 8

ideational fluency

Question 9

widely used assessment to determine how intellectually stimulating or impoverished one’s living situation is

Answer 9

Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory

Question 10

standard of performance based on average scores obtained by a representative sample of test takers

Answer 10

test norm

Question 11

standardized test to measure the mental, motor, and behavioral progress of children

Answer 11

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Question 12

situation where one societal group is more familiar with test items than another, gaining an advantage

Answer 12

culture bias

Question 13

process by which information processing becomes effortless and highly efficient due to continued practice

Answer 13

automatization

Question 14

notion that impoverished environments inhibit intellectual growth and that these inhibiting effects accumulate over time

Answer 14

cumulative-deficit hypothesis

Question 15

inability to think and behave rationally despite having adequate intelligence

Answer 15

dysrationalia

Question 16

Sternberg’s view that creativity emerges from a confluence of several ingredients

Answer 16

investment theory

Question 17

combination of rich factual knowledge about life and procedural knowledge

Answer 17

wisdom

Question 18

widely used, individually administered intelligence test that yields an IQ score

Answer 18

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Question 19

producing the one correct answer to problem

Answer 19

convergent thinking

Question 20

significantly below-average cognitive functioning with limitations in adaptive behaviors such as self-care and social skills

Answer 20

intellectual disability

Question 21

use of knowledge acquired through schooling and life experience

Answer 21

crystallized intelligence

Question 22

producing a variety of solutions to a problem when there is no one right answer

Answer 22

divergent thinking

Question 23

rapid drop in intellectual abilities that people within a few years of dying often experience

Answer 23

terminal decline

Question 24

individual, especially a child, endowed with one or more extraordinary abilites

Answer 24

prodigy

Question 25

measure of the dispersion or spread around the mean of a distribution of scores

Answer 25

standard deviation