Chapter 8 Flashcards
(39 cards)
key to developing effective information and decision support systems?
Good decision-making and problem-solving skills
Purpose of MIS?
provide the right information to the right person in the right format at the right time
Function of DSS?
support decision-making effectiveness when faced with unstructured or semi-structured business problems
What are Specialised Support Systems?
group support systems (GSS) and executive support systems (ESS), use the overall approach of a DSS in situations such as group and executive decision making
What are Information systems used for?
Strategic Planning and Problem Solving
Decision-making phase?
First part of problem-solving
-Intelligence stage: potential problems or opportunities are identified and defined
-Design stage: alternative solutions to the problem are developed
-Choice stage: requires selecting a course of action
Problem solving
goes beyond decision making to include implementation and monitoring stages
Implementation stage
A solution is put into effect
Monitoring stage
Decision makers evaluate the implementation
Difference between programmed and non-programmed decision?
=Programmed decision
- Decision made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method
- Easy to computerize using traditional information systems
=Non-programmed decision
- Decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situations
- Not easily quantifiable
Optimisation model
find the best solution, usually the one that will best help the organization meet its goals
Satisficing model?
find a good – but not necessarily the best – problem solution
Heuristics
commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution
Sense and Respond (SaR) approach
-Determining problems or opportunities (sense)
-Developing systems to solve the problems or take advantage of the opportunities (respond)
Implemented through MIS and DSS
What is a MIS?
- Integrated collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices
- Provides managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organizational goals
- Can give the organization a competitive advantage
- Providing the right information to the right people in the right format and at the right time
- Provides managers with information that supports effective decision making and provides feedback on daily operations
what types of inputs are there to an MIS?
=Internal data sources
- TPSs and ERP systems and related databases
- Data warehouses and data marts
- Specific functional areas throughout the firm
=External data sources
- Customers, suppliers, competitors, and stockholders whose data is not already captured by the TPS
- Internet
- Extranets
What outputs come from an MIS?
- Scheduled report: produced periodically, or on schedule, such as daily, weekly, or monthly
-Key-indicator report: summary of previous day’s critical activities - Demand report: developed to give certain information at someone’s request
- Exception report: automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires management action
- Drill-down reports: provide increasingly detailed data about a situation
What are the characteristics of an MIS?
- Provide reports with fixed and standard formats
- Produce hard-copy and soft-copy reports
- Use internal data stored in computer system
- Allow users to develop custom reports
- Require user requests for reports developed by systems personnel
What is Financial MIS?
Provides financial information to executives and others
Provide financial MIS subsystems and outputs
- Profit/loss and cost systems: profit and revenue centres
- Auditing: internal and external
- Uses and management of funds
What is a Manufacturing MIS?
- Manufacturing MIS subsystems and outputs monitor and control the flow of materials, products and services through the organization
- Design and engineering: CAD systems
- Master production scheduling and inventory control
-Methods: Economic Order Quantity, Materials Resource Planning, JIT - Process control
-Techniques: CAM, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Flexible Manufacturing System - Quality control and testing
What is Marketing MIS and provide subsystems of it?
Marketing MIS: supports managerial activities in product development, distribution, pricing decisions and promotional effectiveness
Subsystems
-Marketing research
-Product development
-Promotion and advertising
-Product pricing
-Sales analysis
What is Human Resource MIS and provide subsystems?
Human resource MIS: concerned with activities related to employees and potential employees
Subsystems
-Human resource planning
-Personnel selection and recruiting
-Training and skills inventory
-Scheduling and job placement
-Wage and salary administration
-Outplacement
Accounting MIS?
provides aggregate information on accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and many other applications
