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Science > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that donates protons or hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction.

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that accepts protons or donates hydroxide ions in a chemical reaction.

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3
Q

True or False: Acids have a pH less than 7.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False: Bases have a pH greater than 7.

A

True

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5
Q

What is the pH range of neutral solutions?

A

7

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6
Q

What is the name of the scale used to measure acidity or alkalinity?

A

pH scale

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: A substance with a pH of 3 is considered to be a(n) _______.

A

acid

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: A substance with a pH of 11 is considered to be a(n) _______.

A

base

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9
Q

What is the conjugate acid of NH3?

A

NH4+

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10
Q

What is the conjugate base of HCl?

A

Cl-

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11
Q

What is the term for a substance that can act as both an acid and a base?

A

Amphoteric

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12
Q

What do you call the reaction between an acid and a base?

A

Neutralization

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13
Q

What is produced when an acid reacts with a base?

A

Salt and water

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14
Q

What is the strongest acid on the pH scale?

A

pH 0 (Hydrochloric acid is often used as a reference.)

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15
Q

What is the strongest base on the pH scale?

A

pH 14 (Sodium hydroxide is often used as a reference.)

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16
Q

True or False: All acids contain hydrogen.

A

True

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17
Q

True or False: All bases contain hydroxide ions.

A

False

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18
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

A

A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

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19
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?

A

A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

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20
Q

What is a common indicator used to test pH?

A

Litmus paper

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21
Q

What color does litmus paper turn in acidic solutions?

A

Red

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22
Q

What color does litmus paper turn in basic solutions?

A

Blue

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23
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

A

A proton donor.

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24
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base?

A

A proton acceptor.

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25
What is a strong acid?
An acid that completely dissociates in solution.
26
What is a weak acid?
An acid that partially dissociates in solution.
27
What is a strong base?
A base that completely dissociates in solution.
28
What is a weak base?
A base that partially dissociates in solution.
29
What is the formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
30
What is the formula for acetic acid?
CH3COOH
31
What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?
NaOH
32
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
33
What is the pH of pure water?
7
34
What happens to the pH when an acid is added to water?
The pH decreases.
35
What happens to the pH when a base is added to water?
The pH increases.
36
True or False: Acids taste sour.
True
37
True or False: Bases taste bitter.
True
38
What is a buffer solution?
A solution that resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.
39
What is the primary component of a buffer solution?
A weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
40
What is the common use of hydrochloric acid?
In the stomach for digestion and in various industrial processes.
41
What is the common use of sodium hydroxide?
In soap making and as a drain cleaner.
42
What is the significance of the pKa value?
It indicates the strength of an acid; lower pKa means stronger acid.
43
What does it mean if a solution has a high concentration of hydrogen ions?
It is acidic.
44
What does it mean if a solution has a high concentration of hydroxide ions?
It is basic.
45
What is the process called when an acid loses a proton?
Dissociation
46
What is the process called when a base gains a proton?
Protonation
47
What is the role of water in acid-base reactions?
It acts as a solvent and can participate as an acid or a base.
48
What does the term 'neutralization' refer to?
The reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water.
49
What is an example of a strong acid?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
50
What is an example of a weak acid?
Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
51
What is an example of a strong base?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
52
What is an example of a weak base?
Ammonia (NH3)
53
What is the general reaction for a strong acid with a strong base?
HA + BOH → BA + H2O
54
What is the term for the point at which an acid and a base have completely reacted?
Equivalence point
55
What is the effect of temperature on the pH of a solution?
Temperature changes can affect the dissociation of water and thus the pH.
56
What is a common application of buffer solutions in biology?
To maintain stable pH in biological systems.
57
What is the role of bicarbonate in the human body?
It acts as a buffer to maintain pH in blood.
58
What is the term for the strength of an acid or base in terms of its ability to dissociate?
Acidity or basicity
59
What is the significance of the ion product of water (Kw)?
It is the product of the concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in water.
60
What is the value of Kw at 25 degrees Celsius?
1.0 x 10^-14
61
How does the presence of salts affect the pH of a solution?
Salts can dissociate in solution and may affect the pH depending on their constituent ions.
62
What is the term for a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions?
Basic solution
63
What is the term for a solution that contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions?
Acidic solution
64
What is the role of phenolphthalein in acid-base titrations?
It is an indicator that changes color at a specific pH level.
65
What color does phenolphthalein turn in a basic solution?
Pink
66
What is the general formula for an acid-base neutralization reaction?
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
67
What happens to the pH of a solution when a strong acid is diluted with water?
The pH increases (becomes less acidic).
68
What happens to the pH of a solution when a strong base is diluted with water?
The pH decreases (becomes less basic).
69
What is the term for the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution?
Hydronium ion concentration
70
What is the chemical formula for the hydronium ion?
H3O+
71
What is the relationship between pH and hydronium ion concentration?
pH = -log[H3O+]
72
What is the primary component of gastric acid?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
73
What is the effect of carbon dioxide on the pH of water?
It forms carbonic acid, which lowers the pH.
74
What is the term for the ability of a solution to resist changes in pH?
Buffer capacity
75
What is the main component of a typical buffer solution?
A weak acid and its conjugate base.
76
What is the effect of adding an acid to a buffer solution?
The pH changes minimally due to the buffer's capacity.
77
What is the effect of adding a base to a buffer solution?
The pH changes minimally due to the buffer's capacity.

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