Chapter 8 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Major motivations for European exploration
God, Gold, and Glory
Portugal’s “FIRSTS” in exploration
Exploring the Canary Islands off the northwestern coast of Africa
Christopher Columbus
He opened the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas
Hispaniola
Where Christopher Columbus first landed on December 6, 1492
La Isabella
The point from which the conquest of America starts
Treaty of Tordesillas
An agreement signed in 1494 between the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe
Ferdinand Magellan
He was an explorer for Portugal and later Spain. he discovered the Strait of Magellan while leading the first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the globe
Conquistadors
They were Spanish and Portuguese soldiers and explorers who conquered and explored new territories during the Age of Discovery
Hernan Cortez
He was famous for conquering the Aztec Empire in 1521 and claiming Mexico for Spain
Fransisco Pizarro
He was an explorer and conqueror who explored Panama, Columbia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru
Major reasons for the Spanish conquests of Aztec & Inca empires
Superior military technology, including guns and horses. they were also brave and daring men driven by a powerful desire for wealth
Viceroys
A ruler representing a king or queen ruling for them in another country
Peninsulares
Spainards born in Spain who lived in the Spanish Empire
Creoles
A person of mixed European and Black descent, especially in the Caribbean
Mestizos
A man of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and indigenous descent
Encomienda system
A Spanish labor system that forced indigenous people to work for Spanish conquerors in exchange for protection and education
Mercantilism
An economic policy that seeks to increase a country’s wealth and power through trade restrictions
Columbian exchange
Two-way exchanges between the Americas and Europe/Africa
Ways Jamestown colonists tried-unsuccessfully & successfully- to make money for the Virginia Company
The discovery of minerals and other natural resources and tobacco
Major challenges that early Jamestown colonists faced
Disease, lack of water and food, poor location, lack of farming, etc.
Reasons that English men and women volunteered to be indentured servants in Virginia
Economic opportunities, freedom dues, land ownership, tobacco market, and Virginia company
Triangular trade
A three-legged trade route that involved the exchange of goods and enslaved people between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Which group handled capturing, in Africa, most Africans who were enslaved in the Americas
The Portuguese
