Chapter 8

Question 1

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

Includes limbs and supporting bone girdles.

Question 2

Pectoral girdle

Answer 2

Connects arms to the body, enabling movement.

Question 3

Clavicle

Answer 3

S-shaped bone connecting sternum to scapula.

Question 4

Scapula

Answer 4

Broad, flat triangle articulating with humerus.

Question 5

Humerus

Answer 5

Only bone in the arm, extends to elbow.

Question 6

Ulna

Answer 6

Medial bone of forearm, forms elbow joint.

Question 7

Radius

Answer 7

Lateral bone of forearm, allows wrist rotation.

Question 8

Carpal bones

Answer 8

Eight bones forming the wrist joint.

Question 9

Metacarpals

Answer 9

Five bones forming the palm of the hand.

Question 10

Phalanges

Answer 10

Finger bones; 28 total in hands.

Question 11

Pelvic girdle

Answer 11

Supports lower limbs, connects to spine.

Question 12

Femur

Answer 12

Thigh bone, longest bone in the body.

Question 13

Patella

Answer 13

Kneecap, protects knee joint.

Question 14

Tibia

Answer 14

Medial bone of lower leg, weight-bearing.

Question 15

Fibula

Answer 15

Lateral bone of lower leg, stabilizes ankle.

Question 16

Tarsal bones

Answer 16

Seven bones forming the ankle joint.

Question 17

Metatarsals

Answer 17

Five bones forming the arch of the foot.

Question 18

Coracoid process

Answer 18

Small anterior projection of the scapula.

Question 19

Acromion

Answer 19

Large posterior projection of the scapula.

Question 20

Glenoid cavity

Answer 20

Articulates with humerus to form shoulder joint.

Question 21

Intertubercular sulcus

Answer 21

Groove separating greater and lesser tubercles.

Question 22

Olecranon

Answer 22

Proximal end of ulna, forms elbow point.

Question 23

Trochlear notch

Answer 23

Articulates with trochlea of humerus.

Question 24

Radial notch

Answer 24

Articulates with head of radius.

Question 25

Interosseous membrane

Answer 25

Fibrous sheet connecting ulna and radius.

Question 26

Epicondyles

Answer 26

Distal expansions for muscle attachment on humerus.

Question 27

Trochlea

Answer 27

Part of humerus, articulates with ulna.

Question 28

Capitulum

Answer 28

Part of humerus, articulates with radius.

Question 29

Disc-shaped head of radius

Answer 29

Above the neck

Question 30

Radial tuberosity

Answer 30

Below the neck; attaches biceps brachii

Question 31

Ulnar notch

Answer 31

At distal end; articulates with head of ulna

Question 32

Radial styloid process

Answer 32

On lateral surface; stabilizes wrist joint

Question 33

Proximal carpal bones

Answer 33

Four bones including scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Question 34

Distal carpal bones

Answer 34

Four bones including trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 35

Acetabulum

Answer 35

Socket on lateral surface of each hip bone; articulates with head of femur

Question 36

Ilium

Answer 36

One of the three fused bones in each hip bone

Question 37

Ischium

Answer 37

One of the three fused bones in each hip bone

Question 38

Pubis

Answer 38

One of the three fused bones in each hip bone

Question 39

Greater sciatic notch

Answer 39

For sciatic nerve

Question 40

Iliac crest

Answer 40

Upper brim of the ilium

Question 41

Ischial spine

Answer 41

Superior to lesser sciatic notch

Question 42

Ischial tuberosity

Answer 42

Posterior projection you sit on

Question 43

Pubic symphysis

Answer 43

Where pubic bones attach to a pad of fibrocartilage

Question 44

Obturator foramen

Answer 44

Space encircled by ischial and pubic rami, closed by collagen fibers

Question 45

Sacro-iliac joints

Answer 45

Where auricular surfaces of ilia articulate with sacrum

Question 46

Acetabular notch

Answer 46

A gap in the ridge that forms margins of acetabulum

Question 47

Iliac fossa

Answer 47

Depression between iliac crest and arcuate line

Question 48

Inferior pubic ramus

Answer 48

Part of the pubis

Question 49

Superior pubic ramus

Answer 49

Part of the pubis

Question 50

Pectineal line

Answer 50

A ridge on anterior, superior surface of the pubis

Question 51

Male Skull

Answer 51

Heavier and rougher general appearance.

Question 52

Female Skull

Answer 52

Lighter and smoother general appearance.

Question 53

Cranium Size

Answer 53

Male cranium is about 10% larger.

Question 54

Forehead Shape

Answer 54

Male forehead is more sloping.

Question 55

Sinuses

Answer 55

Males have larger sinuses than females.

Question 56

Teeth Size

Answer 56

Male teeth are larger and more robust.

Question 57

Mandible

Answer 57

Male mandible is larger and squarer.

Question 58

Pelvis Appearance

Answer 58

Male pelvis is narrower and rougher.

Question 59

Pelvis Shape

Answer 59

Female pelvis is broader and smoother.

Question 60

Ilium Shape

Answer 60

Male ilium is long and narrow.

Question 61

Sacrum Shape

Answer 61

Male sacrum has pronounced curvature.

Question 62

Pelvic Inlet

Answer 62

Male pelvic inlet is narrow.

Question 63

Pelvic Outlet

Answer 63

Female pelvic outlet is wide.

Question 64

Coccyx Direction

Answer 64

Male coccyx points anteriorly.

Question 65

Obturator Foramen

Answer 65

Male obturator foramen is oval.

Question 66

Pubic Angle

Answer 66

Male pubic angle is less than 90º.

Question 67

Bone Mass

Answer 67

Males generally have greater bone mass.

Question 68

Lower Limb Functions

Answer 68

Weight bearing and movement.

Question 69

Tarsal Bones

Answer 69

Seven bones forming the ankle.

Question 70

Calcaneus

Answer 70

Largest tarsal bone, heel bone.

Question 71

Longitudinal Arch

Answer 71

Connects calcaneus to metatarsals.

Question 72

Transverse Arch

Answer 72

Curvature difference across foot width.