chapter 8

Question 1

properties of acids

Answer 1

• sour
• turns blue limtus red
• colourless in phenolphaltein
• conduct electricity

Question 2

properties of bases

Answer 2

• bitter
• feels slippery like soap
• turns red limtmus paper blue
• pink in phenolphalien
• conduct electricity

Question 3

Arrhenius base/acid

Answer 3

ionic compund containing H or OH and dissolves in water

acid: substance that procudes H3O when dissolved in water

base: produces OH when dissolved in water

Question 4

Brownstent Lowry Acid/Base

Answer 4

proton transfer focused on how substances react with water in aqueous solutions

acid: proton donor
base: proton acceptor

Question 5

H20 acts as what?

Answer 5

an acid and a base

Question 6

how is B-L different from Arhenious

Answer 6

• not limited to aquous solutions

Question 7

what is an amphoteric substance

Answer 7

can act as an acid or a base in varriying solutions (like water)

Question 8

what are conjugate pairs

Answer 8

• differ by a proton

acid- conjuate base
base- conjugate acid

Question 9

strong acid

Answer 9

completely dissosiates/ionizes in water producing H+ ions ka= very large

Question 10

weak acid

Answer 10

equillibrium constant is far to left, ionizes/dissosiates only partly ka= very small

Question 11

relation between original and its conjuagte

Answer 11

-mif the original is strong the conjuage is weak- if the original is weak the conjuage is strong

ex. strong acids have weak c.b

Question 12

strong base

Answer 12

completely dissosiates in water forming OH- ions
(all of OH- of group 1 elements are strong bases)

Question 13

weak base

Answer 13

only partially reacts with water to produce OH- ions

Question 14

what is it autoionization

Answer 14

water, transfer of H+ from one water molecul to the next (because it can be acid or base)

Question 15

equation for k values

Answer 15

Kw= Ka X Kb

Question 16

formulas for pH and pOH

Answer 16

pH+ -log [H+]
pOH= -log [OH-]
pH+ pOH= 14

Question 17

% ionization of weak acids

Answer 17

%= (conc of ionized acid/inital conc of acid)/ 100%

Question 18

monoprotic acid

Answer 18

only one hydrogen to donate

Question 19

polyprotic acid

Answer 19

has more than one hydrogen to donate- so ionization occurs in multiple steps each with own Ka value

Question 20

what are salts

Answer 20

strong electrolytes (completely dissociate) in aqueous solutions

Question 21

spectator ion

Answer 21

has negligible effect on ph

Question 22

strong acids and there weak c.bs

Answer 22

strong acid–> weak c.b
HCL –> CL-
HBR –> BR-
HI –> I-
H2SO4 –> HSO4-
HNO3 –> NO3-

Question 23

weak acids and there strong c.bs

Answer 23

weak acid –> strong c.bs
HCLO –> CLO-
HF –> F-
H3PO3 –> HPO3 2-
HNO2 –> NO2-
CH3COOH –> CH3COO-

Question 24

what is a titration

Answer 24

chemical analysis involving addition of known conc of totrant to known volume but unknown conc of sample

Question 25

equivalence point vs. endpoint

Answer 25

equivalence-when a stoichiometeric number of mols hav reacted to produce water end point- when the indictar chnages colours, a few drops after equivalence

Question 26

what is a buffer

Answer 26

mixtures of weak acid and its conjuagte base or weak base and its conjuagte acid- usually common ions - the highest buffer capacity is at a half way point to equivalence where pH= pKa

Question 27

henderson-hasselbach equations

Answer 27

pH= pKa + log (conjugate/acid) pOH= pKb + log (conjuagte/base)