Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

psych 104 > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

motivation and emotion (65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

emotion

A

a temporary state that includes unique subjective experiences and physiological activity and prepares peoples for action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

appraisal

A

conscious or unconscious evaluation and interpretation of the emotion relevant aspects of a stimulus or event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

action tendencies

A

a readiness to engage in a specific set of emotion relevant behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

James Lang theory

A

a theory that feelings are simply the perception of ones own physiological response to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

two factor theory of emotion

A

the theory that stimuli trigger a general state of physiological arousal, which is then interpreted as a specific emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

emotional expression

A

an observable sign of an emotional state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

universality hypothesis

A

the theory that all emotional expressions mean the same thing to all people in all places at all times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

the theory that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they typically signify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

display rule

A

a norm for the appropriate expression of emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

intensification

A

exaggerating the expression of emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

deintensification

A

muting the expression of emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

masking

A

expressing one emotion while feeling another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

neutralizing

A

showing no expression of the emption one is feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

motivation

A

the internal cause of purposeful behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

drive reduction theory

A

the theory that certain drives, like hunger, thirst, and sexual frustration, motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hedonic principle

A

the claim that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

emotion regulation

A

the strategies people use to influence their emotional experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

reappraisal

A

the process of changing ones emotional experience by changing the way one thinks about the emotion eliciting stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

binge eating disorder

A

an eating disorder characterized by recurrent and uncontrolled episodes of eating a large number of calories in a short amount of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behavior (purging).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of being overweight and a sever restriction of food intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

evolutionary mismatch

A

the idea that traits were adaptive in ancestral environments may be maladaptive (not adjusting adequately) to modern environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

metabolism

A

the rate at which the body uses energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

human sexual response cycle

A

the stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
intrinsic motivation
a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding. - Motivation by internal goals
26
extrinsic motivation
a motivation to take actions that are themselves not rewarding but lead to reward. - motivation by external goals
27
over justification effect
a phenomenon whereby people who are rewarded for a behavior became less intrinsically motivated to repeat it
28
conscious motivation
motivations of which people are aware
29
unconscious motivations
motivations of which people are not aware
30
achievement motivation
the desire to experience a sense of accomplishment by meeting ones goals
31
approach motivation
the motivation to experience positive outcomes
32
avoidance motivation
the motivation to avoid negative outcomes
33
loss eversion
the tendency to care more about avoiding losses than achieving equal size gains
34
terror management theory
a theory about how people respond to the knowledge of their own mortality
35
drive
a hypothetical, internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension
36
incentive and expectancy theories
theories proposing that we are often motivated by positive goals. assumes stimuli have different levels of incentive value
36
expectancy theory
assume goal directed behavior is determined by 2 factors : expectancy and value Motivation= expectancy X inventive value
36
incentive
an external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior
36
Maslows hierarchy of needs
model developed by Abraham Maslow , proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs. Humanistic perspective . -self actualization -esteem -belonging - safety -physiological
36
basal metabolism
metabolic rate when body is at rest
37
set point
value that establishes a range of body and muscle mass we tend to maintain
37
short term signals for hunger
hunger pangs and glucostatic theory
38
hunger pangs
muscular contractions of the stomach . correspond to feelings of hunger and satiety.
39
glucose
a simple sugar used for energy by the body. excess is stored in liver and fat. hypothalamus regulates levels
40
glucostatic theory
theory that when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore proper levels of glucose
41
short term signals for satiety
distention of the stomach and intestine. peptide hormones are released into the blood and suppress appetite. nutritious foods generate satiety more effectively than non nutritious foods
42
cholecystokinin
peptide hormone released by small intestine (causes satiety)
43
leptin
hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used. a long term signal for regulating appetite and weight
44
laboratory models of obesity and appetite
mice with the OB (obesity) gene mutation are unable to produce leptin and will overeat. mice with DB gene mutation can produce leptin, but it has no effects on receptors in the brain, will also overeat.
45
lateral hypothalamus
electrical stimulation leads to increased eating. lesioning destroys hunger responses, leading to starvation. may be due to digestive responses and a general decreased capacity to respond to stimuli
46
ventromedial hypothalamus
electrical stimulation leads to decreased eating. lesioning leads to excess food consumption
47
paraventricular nucleus
a cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus. contains neuropeptide Y releasing neurons
48
neuropeptide Y
located in the paraventricular nucleus. Stimulates appetite. its release is inhibited by leptin
49
palatability
better tasking foods are consumed in larger quantities
50
cognitive component
subjective conscious experience
51
physiological component
autonomic responses
52
behavioral component
overt behavioral expressions
53
primary emotions
small number (about 7) of emotions believed by some to be cross culturally universal : happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust. combine to form secondary emotions
54
non verbal leakage
unconscious spillover of emotions into verbal behavior
55
personal space
emotional distance is often positively correlated with physical distance
56
common sense theory of emotion
"I tremble because I feel afraid" stimulus -> conscious feeling -> autonomic arousal
57
James lang theory of emotion
" I feel afraid because I tremble" Stimulus -> conscious feeling -> autonomic arousal
58
cannon bard theory of emotion
" this makes me feel afraid and tremble" stimulus -> subcortical brain activity -> conscious feeling AND autonomic arousal
59
2 factor theory of emotion
" I label my trembling as fear because i appraise the situation as dangerous" Stimulus -> environment -> autonomic arousal-> appraisal -> conscious feeling
60
mere exposure effect
the phenomenon in which repeated exposure to a stimulus makes us more likely to feel favorable towards it

psych 104 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions