Chapter 8

Question 1

Somatic Effects

Answer 1

All cells in body other than sex cells

Question 2

Genetic Effects

Answer 2

Effects to radiating sperm and ovum

Question 3

Timeframe for early effects

Answer 3

Hours, days or weeks

Question 4

Timeframe for late effects

Answer 4

Months or years

Question 5

Increased dose =

Answer 5

Increased response

Question 6

Protracted

Answer 6

Dose delivered continuously over a long period of time at a low dose

Question 7

Examples of Protracted dose

Answer 7

Brachytherapy and radioactive seeds

Question 8

Fractionated

Answer 8

Dose that is delivered in equal fractions so cells have time to heal and repair

Question 9

Example of fractionated dose

Answer 9

Radiation therapy

Question 10

ARS

Answer 10

Acute radiation syndrome

Question 11

What are the three possible syndromes

Answer 11

1. Hematopoietic Syndrome
2. Gastrointestinal Syndrome
3. Cerebrovascular Syndrome

Question 12

What are the four responses to ARS

Answer 12

1. Prodromal
2. Latent period
3. Manifest illness
4. Recovery or death

Question 13

What is the dose for the prodromal stage to start and how long can symptoms last

Answer 13

1 Gy or more
Hours to days

Question 14

What is latent period and how long are the symptoms

Answer 14

Resting stage
Up to one week

Question 15

What is the sub lethal and the lethal dose for recovery or death and how long are the effects

Answer 15

Sub lethal 2-3 Gy
Lethal 6-10 Gy
Recovery in 3 months

Question 16

Dose for Hematopoietic syndrome

Answer 16

1-10 Gy

Question 17

What is most radiosensitive

Answer 17

Bone marrow

Question 18

What dose will decrease white blood cells

Answer 18

.35 Gy

Question 19

What dose will decrease platelets

Answer 19

.5 Gy

Question 20

What happens with decreased red blood cells

Answer 20

Anemia, low oxygen, organ atrophy

Question 21

As survival time decreases

Answer 21

Dose increases

Question 22

Death will occur within __ weeks if whole body dose of __ Gy or higher was received

Answer 22

6-8
2

Question 23

Recovery will occur within __ weeks to __ months if dose is less than __ Gy received

Answer 23

3
6
2

Question 24

What are some treatment options

Answer 24

Bone marrow transplant
Blood transfusions
IV support

Question 25

What is the most radioactive cell white blood cell

Answer 25

Lymphocytes

Question 26

What dose does gastrointestinal syndrome set in

Answer 26

6-10 Gy

Question 27

When does death occur within gastrointestinal syndrome

Answer 27

3-10 days

Question 28

How long is the latent period for gastrointestinal syndrome

Answer 28

5 days

Question 29

When does cerebrovascular syndrome set in

Answer 29

50 Gy

Question 30

What is the latent period for cerebrovascular

Answer 30

12 hours

Question 31

LD

Answer 31

Lethal Dose

Question 32

50/60

Answer 32

50% of the population will die within 60 days

Question 33

What is the dose for whole body exposure to low LET radiation

Answer 33

3.2-4.5 Gy

Question 34

Repair and recovery

Answer 34

Repair enzymes (protein) will activate to repair the radiation damaged tissue when exposed to sub lethal doses of radiation

Question 35

What can repair and recovery cause

Answer 35

Mutated cells which is a late effect

Question 36

Oxygenated cells

Answer 36

Repair better

Question 37

The more doses of radiation

Answer 37

The harder it is to repair the cell