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class 11 botany > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

who first saw dead cells?

A

robert hooke

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2
Q

in which year did robert hooke made his microscope and observed cells

A

1665

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2
Q

which type of dead cell robert hooke observe?

A

cork cells (phellum), it is suberised part which is impervious to water and gases

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3
Q

give the composition of periderm

A

cork + cork canbium + secondary cortex

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3
Q

give the different names of cork, cork canbium, and secondary cortex

A

phellum, phellogen, and phelloderm respectively

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3
Q

is bark dead?

A

no, bark is partially living

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3
Q

give the composition of bark

A

cork + cork canbium + secondary cortex + secondary phloem

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4
Q

what is all tissue outside cork canbium called?

A

cork

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5
Q

what is all tissue outside vascular canbium called?

A

bark

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6
Q

who observed first living cells?

A

Anton von Leuwenhoek

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7
Q

who observe nucleus and when?

A

robert brown in 1831

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8
Q

who observe nucleolus?

A

fontana

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9
Q

who discover cell before robert hooke (theory)

A

malpigi

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9
Q

who gave cell theory

A

schlieden (botanist) and schwann (zoologist)

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10
Q

give the chemichal composition of capsule and slime layer

A

capsule- polysaccharides + amino acids / peptides / protiens
slime layer- polysaccharides

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10
Q

who propose cell lineage concept

A

rudolf virchow

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10
Q

what did rudolf virchow say?

A

omnis cellula e cellula

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11
Q

give six exception to cell theory

A

virus, viroid and prion
mature RBC, mature seive tube and mature nerve cell
prokaryotic cell
oomycetes and zygomycetes fungi
cynocyte and syntitium
acetobularia

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11
Q

give the chemichal composition of glycocalyx

A

polysaccharides + amino acids / peptides / /protiens

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11
Q

give two types of glycocalyx and their texture

A

capsule- rigid tough
slime layer- slimy soft

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12
Q

give the chemichal composition of plant cell wall

A

cellulose + hemicellulose + pectin + protien + other molecules

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13
Q

give the chemichal composition of fungi cell wall

A

chitin

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14
Q

give the chemichal composition of diatoms cell wall

A

cellulose + silica (more)

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15
Q

give the chemichal composition of dianoflagellates cell wall

A

cellulose + pectin

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15
do slime mold have cell wall
lack in vegetative part, but have in spore part
16
give the chemichal composition of slime mold
spore part- cellulose
17
give the chemichal composition of eubacteria
peptidoglycan / myurien / mycopeptide
18
give the chemichal composition of archaebacteria
pseudomyurien
19
give the chemichal composition of blue green algae
peptidoglycan + cellulose
20
give the chemichal composition of actinomycien
peptidoglycan + mycolic acid
21
give the 4 layers in plant cell wall
middle lamellae + primary wall + secondary wall + tertiary wall
22
give 2 other names for middle lamellae
cell glue and cementing layer
22
give the chemichal composition of middle lamellae
calcium and magnesium pectins (mostly calcium)
23
give function of enzyme pectinase
it dissolve pectins during fruit maturity (causes fruit softening)
24
give the chemichal composition of primary wall
cellulose + hemicellulose + pectin + protien
25
what is the outermost layer of cell wall
middle lamellae
26
what is the outermost layer of plant cell
primary wall
27
give the chemichal composition of secondary wall
lignin (most), suberin, silica, and cutin
28
give the chemichal composition of tertiary wall
galactin + mannalia
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46
give main function of secondary and teritary wall
to increase mechanichal stregnth
46
which layer in cell wall may be multilaayered?
secondary wall
46
give the series of cell wall formation
centripital (outside to inside)
46
in which type of cells are tertiary wall found?
in schlerenchymous cells like tracheids of gymnosperms
46
give the chemichal composition of secondary wall of collenchyma and parenchyma
pectin + cellulose + hemicellulose
46
give the chemichal composition of schlerenchyma cell wall
cutin + silica + lignin + suberin
46
give the cell wall layers in meristem cells
ML + PW
46
give the cell wall layers in collenchyma cells
ML + PW + SW(at cell corners)
46
give the cell wall layers in parenchyma
ML + PW + SW(rare)
46
give the cell wall layers in schlerenchyma cells
ML + PW + SW + TW
46
give the stage of formation of cell wall
during cytokinesis
46
in what form does the formation of cell wall initiate?
phragmoplast or cell plate
46
give the initiation stage of cell wall formation
dnaphase in karyokinesis
47
give the composition of cell plate
microtubule (cytoskeleton) + golgi vesicle (pectin)
47
give the 3 types of cell cavities on the basis of their formation
lysegenous shizogenous shizo-lysigenous
47
define and give example of lysegenous cell cavity
they develop due to cell death eg- oil glands found in rond of citruses like oranges
48
define and give example of shizogenous cell cavity
they develop due to cell separation eg- reisin duct in secondary metabolites
49
define and give example of shizo-lysigenous cell cavity
develop due to both cell separation and cell death eg- water cavities / water canal of monocot cell vascular bundle
50
define pit membrane and it's composition
it is the barrier between the pits of two adjacent cells, and it is composed of middle lamelae and primary wall
50
define pits
undeposited areas in secondary and tertiary wall are pits
50
give function of pits
they provide rapid exchange in between cells
50
give the status (present or not) of pits in the 4 different types of cells
meristem - no parenchyma - rarely collenchyma - at corners schlerenchyma - yes
51
define and give types of pits
border pits - narrow at opening and wider at outward simple pits - diameter of pits remain same
52
give two special feature of both type of pits
simple pits develop where SW less thick border at opening absent border pits develop where SW is thick or there is TW border at opening present
52
give the definition and 1 function of plasmodesmata
living cytoplasmic and protoplasmic extensions of cells function - transport of minerals / molecules from one cell to another
52
give the chemichal composition of bacterial cell wall
peptidoglycan + lipid + lipolysaccharide + techoic acid
53
give the gram composition of all components of bacterial cell wall
peptidoglycan - G +VE more, G -VE less lipid - G +VE less, G -VE more lipolysaccharide - G -VE only techoic acid - G +VE only
53
in which type of plant cell plasmodesmata is absent
schlerenchyma
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class 11 botany (1 decks)

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