Chapter 8 Flashcards
How did the Etruscans become wealthy?
Mining and trading
How did geography help the Romans prosper?
It was close to the Tiber River and Mediterranean Sea that made Rome’s location important for trade.
What was a standard and why did the army carry them?
Tall poles topped by emblems- helped units stay together.
How did Rome rule its new conquest( expanding through Italy)?
Created the Roman Confederation: the Romans allowed some conquered people, the Latin’s, to become citizens, while others became allies.
How and when was Rome actually funded?
Rome was probably founded by the Latin’s in 700 B.C.
How many soldiers made up a legion?
6,000
Before 471B.C., what right did patricians have that plebeians did not?
Only Patricians could hold public office.
What were the Punic Wars?
Wars fought between the Carthaginians and the Romans.
In what battles in Italy were the Romans defeated by Hannibal?
Cannae
In what war were there animals used in an attack? Describe it.
The Second Punic War: Hannibal crossed the Alps with an army of 46,000 men, horses, and 37 elephants.
How did Rome punish Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War?
Rome burned Carthage, enslaved its people and made it a Roman province.
What does mare nostrum mean, and why did the Romans use the term?
It means “our sea.” The Romans controlled the Mediterranean Sea.
Where was Carthage located and why did it compete with Rome?
On the coast of South Africa;
was a trading rival.
What change did Marius make to the Roman army?
Marius changed Rome’s army from citizen volunteers to paid professionals.
Why were Roman farmers becoming poor in the 100s B.C.?
Wealthy land owners were forcing small farmers out of business.
What happened to the Gracchus brothers?
They were killed.
Who was Julius Caesar?
A successful military leader who declared himself a dictator of Rome for life.
Why did Brutus, Cassius, and others kill Caesar?
They feared they Caesar wanted to be king.
Who was Cicero, and how did he influence the writers of the United States Constitution?
Cicero was a political leader whose ideas on a representative government with limited powers influenced the U.S. Constitution.
How did the Battle of Actium affect history of Rome?
Put Octavian in power and ended the republic.
What did Augustus do to make the empire safer and stronger?
Created professional army, reformed tax system, and gave rights to noncitizens.
What products came from the farms of Italy, Gaul, and Spain?
Grapes and olives.
Why was Rome’s creation of common currency important?
A common Roman currency advanced trade throughout the empire.
