Chapter 8 Flashcards
(49 cards)
How many approaches does the sociological perspective have?
There are three approaches. social structure, social process and social conflict.
How helped develop the sociological approach?
Emile Durkheim
What is the social structure approach?
Looks for origins of crime within the immediate environment.
How does the social structure approach see crime?
Reactions to problems causes crime and not society alone.
What is the Social disorganization theory
Bad social and economic conditions leads to high rates of crime.
What is the Chicago school?
A tradition of social disorganization studies and research.
What is social ecology?
studies the adaption of the environment to human interactions.
What are concentric zones and who founded it?
Park and Burges method to explain why crime gravitate in certain social environment.
What is social pathology?
Bad social conditions are the breeding ground for criminal activity.
What is environmental criminology?
The study of interactions between multiple variables between environment and people.
What is the strain theory?
Explains that a strain in society is the factor for crime.
What is Anomie?
A state of normlessness and confusion that leads to strain.
What is the General strain theory?
Economic failure is not because of strain and frustration.
What is the culture conflict theory?
Hint: Clashing values
Finds that the root of criminal behavior in the clash of those values by which we decide what is acceptable behavior.
what are conduct norms?
Rules of exceptable behavior we learn early in life.
what is a subculture?
A group of people that share the same norms that are distinct . teachers, doctors, students.
What are focal concerns?
Values and behaviors that emerge to meet the conditions of the environment.
What is a delinquent subculture?
Subculture youth who try to solve problems by acting in delinquent behavior.
What is reaction formation?
Rejecting main norms and showing hostility toward it.
What is a subculture of violence?
Shows that violence is not in the society but in the individual and learned.
What is differential opportunity?
The variable access to illegitimate opportunities that contributes to the development of crime and delinquency.
What are the three subcultures that Cloward and Ohlin created?
criminal, conflict and realist subcultures.
What are techniques of neutralization?
rationalizations that people use to justify their actions.
What is drift?
Good behavior shifting to bad, delinquent behavior followed by neutralization techniques.
