Chapter 8

Question 1

Social norms

Answer 1

rules that regulate social life, explicit laws and implicit cultural conventions.

Question 2

Social roles

Answer 2

a given social position that is governed by a set of norms for proper behavior.

Question 3

Culture

Answer 3

A program of shared by most members of that community.

Question 4

Milgram obedience experiments

Answer 4

“Experimenter” has a volunteer be “teacher” to an actor playing “the learner” being shocked by the volunteer.

Question 5

Five conditions for disobedience to authority

Answer 5

• experiment left the room
• victim was in the room
• two experimenters had conflicting demands
• ordered by a volunteer
• peer refused to go further

Question 6

Zimbardo prison study

Answer 6

College students play guards and prisoners.

Question 7

Entrapment

Answer 7

A gradual process in which individuals escalate their comment to course of action to justify the investment of time, money, or effect.

Question 8

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 8

The tendency; in explaining other’s behavior to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of situation.

Question 9

Culture- individualistic

Answer 9

Thinking of yourself as an individual

Question 10

Culture- collective

Answer 10

Thinking of yourself as only as part of a group.

Question 11

Self-serving bias

Answer 11

Thinking that make us feel good about ourselves, even when you shouldn’t

Question 12

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 12

You something believe an incomparable belief with their behavior.

Question 13

Validity effect

Answer 13

Repeat something over and over again until it seems true.

Question 14

Familiarity effect

Answer 14

Hearing something repeatedly until it is perceived positively.

Question 15

Indoctrination

Answer 15

1) subject to entrapment
2) person’s problems are explained by simple arrtribution
3) offered a new identity and is promised salvation
4) access to different ideas is severely controlled.

Question 16

Asch line-judging study

Answer 16

• Which line matches the sample?
• 1/3 of people will conform to the wrong answer
• 20% apologize for disagreeing

Question 17

Define:Group thinking

Answer 17

All members of a group to think a like for the sake of harmony and avoid disagreement

Question 18

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 18

members to avoid taking action because they assume someone else will.

Question 19

Deindivulation

Answer 19

Someone loses awareness of their own identity in a large group.

Question 20

Ethic identity

Answer 20

Person’s self identity with a nation religious proper national, religious or political group and etc.

Question 20

Relationship to obedience

Answer 20

People will do what they think is wrong to please an authory.

Question 21

Ethnocentrism

Answer 21

A group that be live their is superior to others.

Question 22

Sherif’s Robbers Cave experiment

Answer 22

• the effect of competition on hostility and conflict.

Question 23

Stereotype

Answer 23

a summary impression of a group, in which a person believe that all members of the group shares a common trait(s)

Question 24

Psychological/ social origins of prejudice

Answer 24

- ward off fear, doubt and insecurity | - peer pressure and feeling a need to conform

Question 25

Prejudicial attitudes

Answer 25

1) physical distance from someone 2) discrimination 3) people affect toward stress or anger 4) the brain noticing difference 5) speed of positive and negative associations

Question 26

Intergroup conflict

Answer 26

1) equal rights 2) equal opportunity to representation 3) many opportunities to belong and get along with the other group. 4) both sides must work together for a common goal