Chapter 8 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Short term memory
Information is retained for a very brief period, usually not more 10 sec
•Long term memory
Information is retained in long term memory over an extended period of time
●Procedural memory
Learning various kinds of motor behavioral and cognitive skills
●Working memory
Elaborating on short term memory allowing one to retain information over short periods of time
●Perceptual representations
Identifying words and objects
●Semantic memory
Acquiring and retaining factual information about the world
●Episodic memory
Remembering events seen or experienced throughout life
Self esteem
Self esteem- child’s own sense of self worth or self image
•Self esteem can have life long effects on attitudes and behavior
** self-
cognitive structure we employ for selecting and processing information about ourselves
Sense of self
- In preschool yrs kids conceive of themselves in physical terms- body parts, attributes, activities
- Between 6 and 8 kids distinguish between the mind and body
- They identify that people are unique by appearance but also by feelings, thoughts and traits
Self concept
- AKA self image- image one has of oneself
- Develops as a reflection of what others think about the child
- Parents conceptions play a large role
- Can include hints: withdrawn, sad or acting out
Parenting styles
•Authoritarian
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zh1zIx-qidE
•Authoritative
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ad-qM9fM81E
•Permissive
•Authoritarian
.
Authoritative
.
•Permissive
.
Warm but Restrictive
●Leads to politeness, neatness, obedience, conformity
●Associated with immaturity, dependency, low creativity, blind acceptance of authority, social withdrawal/ineptness
Warm with Democratic Procedures
●Socially competent, resourceful, friendly, active, appropriately aggressive individuals
●If parents encourage self-confidence, independence then children demonstrate self-reliant, creative, goal-oriented, responsible behavior.
●If parents fail to develop child’s independence, then permissiveness often leads to self- indulgent children with little impulse control/low academic standards.
Hostile (Rejecting) and Restrictive Parenting
●Interfere with child’s developing sense of identity and self-esteem
●World viewed as dominated by powerful sources over which they have no control
●Fosters resentment and inner rage
●Some turn anger against themselves, experiencing turmoil/conflict
●Results in self-punishing, suicidal tendencies, depressed affect
Hostile and Permissive Parenting
●Associated with delinquent and aggressive behavior in children
●Discipline usually severe, physical, and unpredictable
Aggression
•Behavior that is defined as injurious or destructive to people, animals, and objects
•Begins to be exhibited as early as 12 months old, both boys and girls
•Research suggests:
●Not just a phase to be outgrown
●Antisocial behavior most accurate predictor of delinquency in adolescence if observed at 3-4 years of age
●If not altered by 3rd grade, becomes chronic
●Prevention and early intervention are essential for changing the pattern/path
Gender Identity
•Conception child has of being male or female
●Psychoanalytical Theory – Oedipal/Electra complex
●Psychosocial Theory – initiative vs guilt
Now gender roles are blurred
Cognitive Learning Theory – neutral at birth, imitate and learn gender identity
●Cognitive Developmental Theory – learn to label themselves as male/female
Early Childhood- Emotional Development Review
•Emotions are natural, self-regulation and competence is learned
