Chapter 8 Flashcards
-Major problem associated with tests that require performance to fatigue
point of fatigue is highly influenced by the client’s motivation
test that measures upper body endurance of pectoralis muscles, triceps and anterior deltoids
push up test
MOST
common test used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, especially in clinical
settings.
Bruce submaximal treadmill test
% of Americans overweight
% of Americans obese, and what % is kids and teens
age/ gender most overweight
65%
35.7 % , 18%
women 60 years and older
- HR – last 15 seconds of each minute
- BP – last 45 seconds of each stage
- RPE – last 5 seconds of each minute
- S/S – personal observations and client observations
-Variable to assess during an exercise test
step tests fitness level is determined by
immediate post exercise recovery HR
*lower the exercising or recovery HR the higher level of fitness
6 reps = % 1-RM
85%
bluish discoloration, due to reduced hemoglobin in blood
cyanosis
1 MET =
3.5 ml/kg/min
Body fat men
Essential
Athletes
Fitness
Average
Obese
2-5%
6-13%
14-17%
18 -24%
25%
BMI
Normal
Overweight
Obese
Normal 18.5-24.9
Overweight 25-29.9
Obese 30 34.9
muscular endurance tests 3
push up test
mcgills torso test
body weight squat test
Zone 1
below VT1
Body fat % men
athletes
fitness
6-13%
14-17%
-Clarify the following BEFORE an assessment: (8)
- Medication/supplements
- Musculoskeletal injuries
- Sickness
- Time of last meal
- Client provides RPE
- HR and BP
- Client must perform test as advised
- Test will cease if any significant discomfort
absolute strength / body weight (absolute strength = amount of weight lifted)
relative strength
Anthropometric measures (3)
Marker of obesity
(% body fat, BMI and waist circumference) or increased risk (WHR)
Every 1 inch increase in waist circumference (5)
BP increase 10%
blood cholesterol increase 8%
HDL decreases by 15%
triglycerides increase by 18%
metabolic syndrome increase 18%
% of clients estimated 1-RM should client use during 2nd warm up set
70-75%
8 reps = %1-RM
80%
Lack of accuracy related to estimated maximal oxygen uptake – 2 variables:
- Calculations based on 220 – age equation. + or – 12bpm
- Based on assumption everyone expends same amt of energy AND uses the same amt of oxygen…submaximal will underestimate or overestimate the true maximum for the client
-at near maximal intensities anaerobic glycolysis causes 2
- Increase in carbon dioxide
* Overcompensation in breathing frequency
How accurately a person can change direction
Acceleration
Stabilization
Deceleration
Agility
Stages (3)
measures amount of air displaced when sitting in machine
2 values - air and body weight
air dysplacement plethysmography
BODPOD
ADP
cycling tests may underestimate due to
treadmill test BP may be higher due to
premature leg fatigue
prolonged muscular contractions
Which test does not use predicted MHR or predicted vo2 max but uses measured HR?
Submaximal talk test at VT1
client recites passage at end of first stages - rates difficulty
Fitness test inaccuracy: environment 4
distractions
privacy
temperature
weather conditions
measures electrical signal as pass through lean mass, fat and water
optimal hydration necessary
bioelectrical impedance analysis
BIA
Body size measurements include
height,
weight,
girth (circumference) measurements, etc
. These measurements can be used to determine your Body Mass Index (BMI) or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),
- Called “crossover” point
- Lactate accumulating faster than can be cleared
- Person must breather faster to blow off CO2
VT1
Fitness test inaccuracy: equipment 3
improper calibration
mismatched to subject
failure, out of order
- test that measures client’s ability to accelerate, decelerate, change direction and accelerate again
pro agility test
Rate at which a person responds to a stimulus
Reactivity
Calculate BMI
209 lbs
5’8”
209 / 2.2 = 95kg
68 inches x 2.54 = 173 cm
173 / 100 = 1.73
BMI = 95 kg / (1.73) squared = 31.8
WHR - women
excellent
at risk
less than .75
greater than .86
2 populations unfairly categorized
extremely muscular or large frame
elderly with decreased lean tissue AND EXCESS body fat
Muscle endurance tests : 3
Push up
Curl up
Body weight squat
McGill torso test
- Ability to talk comfortably HIGHLY related to
- speaking comfortably indicates
VT1
below VT1
-2 methods for determining MHR:
- GXT – graded exercise test – measure HR with an EKG
2. Use a prediction equation formula use formula with deviation closer to 7 bpm**must be used WITH RPE
Perform body comp assessments
quarterly
LB TO KG
INCH TO CM
CM TO M
LB / 2.2
INCH x 2.54
CM / 100
Girth measurement good predictor of
waist circumference correlates to
disease
heart disease
failure of muscular coordination; irregularity of muscle action
ataxia
THIS TEST ESTIMATES V•
O2
MAX USING A SINGLE-STAGE, SIX-MINUTE
submaximal cycling protocol.
cycle ergometer test
Body composition testing - client must (2)
Must be properly hydrated
Do not exercise prior to testing
- muscle’s ability to resist fatigue and perform work for several reps
muscle endurance
women skinfold test sites 3
direction of each
triceps - half way btwn shoulder and elbow - verticle
thigh - midline of thigh - vertical
suprailium - above anf roward of the crest of ilium - diagnol
skinfold measurement (2)
skinfold calipers measure skin and fat
several sites measured
WHR calculation
waist measurement / hip measurement
Field tests 2
rockport fitness test
1.5 mile run
RPE scale
6-20
6= nothing
20=hardest
Borg scale
RCT – respiratory compensation threshold
- lactate quickly accumulating
- hyperventilation relative to the extra CO2
- blowing off CO2 no longer buffers increase in acidity
VT2
The test is administered in three-minute stages until the
client achieves 85% of his or her age-predicted maximum heart rate
(MHR).
Bruce submaximal treadmill test
push ups improve muscular endurance of
chest, shoulders, scapular stabilizers, triceps
Essential fat needed for (5)
Insulation Thermoregulation Hormone production Cushions vital organs Maintain body functions
Resources for gaining hands on experiences (4)
ACE sponsored workshops
Colleges, university
Experienced trainers, rehab specialists
Repeated practice
Test termination signs (11)
Angina
SOB
Poor perfusion - lightheadedness, cynosis, nauses
Drop in SBP greater than 10 mmhg
Excessive rise in BP - SBP greater than 250
DBP greater than 115
Excess fatigue
increased nervous system symptoms - ataxia
Caludication - leg cramps
Client says stop
Severe fatigue
Failure of testing equipment
% of estimated 1RM client should use during first warm up set
50%
submaximal strength tests that exceed 10 reps assess
muscle endurance
test that estimate VO2max from s clients post exercise HR – 1 mile walk as fast as possible
rockport fitness test
step tests not suitable for clients (5)
- Extremely overweight
- Balance concerns
• Orthopedic problems
• Extremely
deconditioned
• Short in stature – may have trouble with step height
sustainability of power output for brief periods of time
anaerobic capacity
-During submaximal exercise ventilation increases 2
- Linearly with oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production
* Occurs through increase in tidal volume
4 phases of cardiorespiratory training ACE IFT Model
aerobic base
aerobic efficiency
anaerobic endurance
anaerobic power training