Chapter 8

Question 1

In Canada what percentage of wild fish is from inland sources?

Answer 1

Less than 4%

Question 2

What are the two biggest threats to marine environments?

Answer 2

Over fishing

Habitat destruction

Question 3

What are factors that can be used to assess the sustainability of marine fisheries?

Answer 3

• vulnerability of the species to fishing pressures
• The nature and extent of the bycatch
• The effect of fishing practices on the ecosystem

Question 4

What type of fish are ,more susceptible to fishing pressures?

Answer 4

Fish like tuna, that are large, long-lived and slow to reproduce

Question 5

Define bycatch

Answer 5

The incidental catching of non-target species when fishing for a particular species

Question 6

What is the fishing gear with the most ecological impacts?

Answer 6

Bottom trawl

Question 7

What is the fishing gear with the least ecological impacts?

Answer 7

Harpoon

Question 8

What is the fishing gear that involves a large net that encircles the fish and is pulled together to enclose them. Has a relatively low bycatch impact

Answer 8

Purse Seine

Question 9

What is the fishing gear that has a high impact on large pelagic species?

Answer 9

Pelagic longline

Question 10

What is a type of net used in Atlantic Canada that hang vertically in the water and is secured to the sea floor. Problematic for ground fish bycatch?

Answer 10

Bottom gillnet

Question 11

What are the metal baskets that are dragged along the sea floor to catch scallops?

Answer 11

Dredge

Question 12

What is a net that hangs vertically in the water but does not touch the seafloor?

Answer 12

Midwater gillnet

Question 13

What is a bottom secured line of bait hooks? Significant bycatch problem

Answer 13

Bottom longline

Question 14

Farmed oysters are not very sustainable because of the amount of feed they require

Answer 14

False

Question 15

An aquaculture technique known as off-bottom culture is used to farm mussels and clams.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Aquaculture is the most sustainable method of fish production.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

To assess the sustainability of aquaculture both the type of fish feed and the location of the aquaculture facility need to be considered

Answer 17

True

Question 18

A challenge associated with a land based closed-containment system of aquaculture is that this industry has to pay for externalized costs of production (e.g. waste disposal) that net-pen systems do not.
True

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are 2 very important factors used to assess the sustainability of aquaculture?

Answer 19

Use of marine resources in fish feed

Open ocean vs land based system

Question 20

What is the most sustainable fish feed?

Answer 20

. Best sustainable fish choices include fish that rely on omnivorous diets (like freshwater tilapia which rely on plant-based diets) or filter feeding shellfish (like oysters, clams and mussels) that rely on naturally occurring plankton (tiny plants and animals) in the seawater.

Question 21

What are some risks to netted pens in the ocean?

Answer 21

escaped farmed fish and their effects on wild fish populations
pollution and other impacts on habitats and ecosystems

Question 22

What is MSC?

Answer 22

The Marine Stewardship Council
The MSC is a global non-profit organisation working with fisheries, seafood companies, scientists, conservation groups and the public to promote the best environmental choice in seafood

Question 23

Define sustainable seafood.

Answer 23

Sustainable seafood can be defined as species that are caught or farmed in a way that ensures the long-term health and stability of that species, as well as the greater marine ecosystem

Question 24

What are the principles that fisheries must meet to receive MSC accreditation?

Answer 24

1. Sustainable fish stocks
2. Minimizing environmental impacts
3. Effective management

Question 25

Name 5 accepted sustainable seafood

Answer 25

``` Arctic Char Pickerel Halibut Shellfish Spot prawns Albacore tuna cod sablefish snow crab lake whitefish rainbow trout salmon ```

Question 26

Most of the global fish production that is not used directly for human food is processed and used as high-protein feed for livestock and aquaculture:

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Aquaculture accounts for approximately ______ % of the total global fishery food supply.

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

Which country dominates the global fisheries production?

Answer 28

China

Question 29

The FAO estimate that almost _____% of fish stocks are currently being fished at biologically unsustainable levels.

Answer 29

30%

Question 30

An ecosystem approach to managing fisheries only considers the target species.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

The following is a device used to decrease the amount of bycatch in the fishing industry.

Answer 31

Turtle excluder device

Question 32

A good way to assess the sustainability of wild caught fish is to examine the type of food that is consumed by the fish.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

In Canada all farmed salmon is produced using a closed-containment system.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Which of the following is listed on the OceanWise Recommended Sustainable Seafood list? a) Longline caught albacore tuna b) Gillnet caught halibut c) Dredged scallops d) Closed-system farmed rainbow trout e) Open-net farmed salmon

Answer 34

D - Closed-system farmed rainbow trout

Question 35

The following fishing method is particularly damaging to the seafloor.

Answer 35

Bottom Trawl

Question 36

The following fishing method causes little habitat damage but can cause high levels of bycatch.

Answer 36

Pelagic Longline

Question 37

One of your readings in this Unit reported on the largest off-shore fish farm in the world (located in Panama). What fish is produced at this farm?

Answer 37

Cobia

Question 38

Off-bottom culture is an aquaculture method used primarily for the production of shellfish.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Mangrove forest destruction is associated with the farming of what type of seafood?

Answer 39

Shrimp

Question 40

Open net-pen aquaculture is used to produce farmed shellfish

Answer 40

False