Chapter 8

Question 1

Note that you can palpate the head of the ulna on the posterior surface of the wrist demonstrating what??

Answer 1

That the head of the ulna lies slightly posterior to the radius.

Question 2

The plane of the lateral wrist is not exactly aligned with what?

Answer 2

With the plane of the lateral hand.

Question 3

How do you produce a perfect lateral wrist position on most patients?

Answer 3

The palm of the hand should be supinate 5 degrees from lateral, as demonstrated in figure 131.

Question 4

This slight 5 degree rotation will roll the radius back slightly and place?

Answer 4

The ulna in mid shaft.

Question 5

If the head of the ulna is seen lying posteriorly in relation to the radius, the wrist is rotated toward?

Answer 5

Pronation. Figure 132.

Question 6

If the head of the ulna lies anteriorly against the radius, the wrist is rotated toward?

Answer 6

supination

Question 7

Navicular Adequate ulnar flexion (adduction) of the Hans will open what?

Answer 7

The joint space between the navicular (scaphoid) and the capitate and lunate to the side.

Question 8

The stecher recommends _____ degrees of hyperextension. Or a ____ degree proximal angulation of the x Ray beam.

Answer 8

15-20

Question 9

The angulation will do what?

Answer 9

Open the joint space between the navicular and the trapezium for an optimal view. figure 133

Question 10

Another name for trapezium?

Answer 10

Greater multangular

Question 11

Carpal tunnel With sufficient _______ (dorsiexion) of the wrist, the pisiform will not superimpose what?

Answer 11

The triquetrum and the carpals will be demonstrated in an arch formation.

Question 12

ELBOW AND LONG BONES
Rotation
The elbow area has no symmetrical anatomy and therefore what?

Answer 12

Lacks criteria for simple explanation

Question 13

Figure 134 demonstrates what?

Answer 13

A non rotated frontal view.

Question 14

The epicondylar area of the humerus is fairly what?

Answer 14

Symmetrical and broad

Question 15

The olecranon process of the ulna is roughly centered where?

Answer 15

Within the distal humerus.

Question 16

The medial 1/3 of the head and neck of the radius and radial tuberosity superimpose what?

Answer 16

The ulna.

Question 17

When the elbow is rotated medially (internally) overlapping of what occurs?

Answer 17

Overlapping of the radial head and the ulna will increase.

Question 18

With lateral (external) rotation what will overlap?

Answer 18

Overlap will decrease toward complete de superimposition

Question 19

For the frontal view of the forearm the hand and wrist should be ______.

Answer 19

Supine

Question 20

For a frontal view of a forearm of the proximal radius crosses over the ulna, then what?

Answer 20

The bad was improperly pronated.

Question 21

For the humerus the positions of the greater and lesser what should be checked?

Answer 21

Tuberosities.

Question 22

In the non rotated frontal view, the greater tuberosity will what?

Answer 22

Greater tuberosity will be placed in profile laterally to the anatomical neck.

Question 23

Non rotated frontal view of humerus there will be a distinct internal what?

Answer 23

Curvature only on the medial surface of the neck as it “turns” toward the scapula. Figure 135

Question 24

Combining these criteria with the appearance appearance of the elbow, one can what?

Answer 24

Make a good judgment of the presence and degree of rotation.

Question 25

Flexion of the elbow joint will do what??

Answer 25

Close the joint space between the radius and the humerus off, with the head of the radius superimposing the capitellum of the humerus. Figure 136

Question 26

True lateral views of the elbow, forearm or humerus are all characterized by direct superimposition of what?

Answer 26

The two condyles of the humerus as in Figure 137.

Question 27

The line diagram in Figure 138 shows what?

Answer 27

Expected appearance of these 2 condyles when rotation or tilt are present.

Question 28

Tilt or improper abduction of the humerus occurs when what?

Answer 28

When the patient’s shoulder is not lowered to the level film.

Question 29

What is necessary for all lateral views of the forearm, elbow, and humerus?

Answer 29

Shoulder needs to be lowered to the level of the film.

Question 30

When the lateral view of the humerus is improperly rotated what happens?

Answer 30

Neither tuberosity will appear distinctly in profile, and on the distal end of the condyles will shift off of each other side-to-side as diagrammed in Figure 138 and demonstrated in 140

Question 31

Lateral view of forearm the wrist must??

Answer 31

Be in true lateral.

Question 32

Lateral view of the humerus, how will the tuberosities be placed?

Answer 32

Lesser tuberosity will be placed in profile on the medial surface of the humeral neck and the general broadening of the neck area will appear symmetrical with the head head centered upon it like ice cream on a cone. 141

Question 33

Lateral elbow flexed?

Answer 33

90 degrees

Question 34

What is the common problem with lateral projections of the humerus, elbow and forearm?

Answer 34

Tilt of the humerus

Question 35

The common problem is detected by what??

Answer 35

By a vertical, superior to inferior shifting of the numeral condyles. 138 139

Question 36

What is tilt usually due to?

Answer 36

Insufficient abduction of the humerus caused by not lowering the patient’s shoulder to the level of the film.

Question 37

How do you bring the shoulder down to the level of the table?

Answer 37

The patient must frequently bend at the waist in seated position

Question 38

Trans thoracic lateral view when possible the hand should

Answer 38

Hand should be supinated as the patient stands against the film. Not in neutral

Question 39

With the hand in near or full supination, the humerus condyles can be placed how??

Answer 39

In true lateral position against film.

Question 40

Transthoracic lateral view not

Answer 40

Oblique!

Question 41

With the humerus in true lateral position, the lesser tuberositity will be what?

Answer 41

Will be in profile anteriorly, and the neck will show a symmetrical broadening with the head in the middle.

Question 42

Oblique views | With proper 45 degree rotation, the internal oblique of the elbow places what where?

Answer 42

The coronoid process of the ulna in profile, with nearly all of the radial head superimposed over the ulna 140

Question 43

Proper rotation on the external oblique opens what?

Answer 43

Opens the proximal radioulnar joint with no superimposition of the radial head and ulna

Question 44

In rotated frontalviews the distal phalanx of each finger does what?

Answer 44

Appears symmetrical with equal concavity on either side.

Question 45

In true lateral views, the anterior surface of each phalanx will appear as what

Answer 45

appear more concave than the posterior side.

Question 46

Rotattaion is rarel a prolem on frontal views of the scapula and clavicle

Answer 46

With rotation of the body away fro the affected sidewide with slef everythings else

Question 47

The capular Y position may be critiqued identically to what?

Answer 47

The lateral scapula, with the exception that the humerus wll superimpose rark