Chapter 8 Flashcards
Terms (19 cards)
Bank of the United States
Definition
Proposed by the first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton, the bank opened in 1791 and operated until 1811 to issue a uniform currency, make business loans, and collect tax monies. The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816 but President Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter bill in 1832.
“strict constitutionalists”
Those who believed the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution.
Whiskey Rebellion
Violent protest by western Pennsylvania farmers against the federal excise tax on whiskey, 1794.
Marbury vs Madison
First U.S. Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law the Judiciary Act of 1801 unconstitutional.
Louisiana Purchase
President Thomas Jeffersons 1803 purchase from France of the important port of New Orleans and 828,000 square miles west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains; it more than doubled the territory of the United States at a cost of only $15 million.
Hartford Convention
Meeting of New England Federalists on December 15, 1814, to protest the War of 1812; proposed seven constitutional amendments (limiting embargoes and changing requirements for officeholding, declaration of war, and admission of new states), but the war ended before Congress could respond.
George Washington
George Washington was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America and served as the nation’s first president. In the American Revolutionary War, General Washington led Patriot forces to victory over the British and their allies.
Alexander Hamilton and his 5 part economic program
The Hamiltonian economic program was the set of measures that were proposed by American Founding Father and 1st Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton
Establish new nations credit worthiness(permanent debt)
Creation on a new national debt.
Creation of a bank of the United states.
Raise revenue through taxes(whiskey)
Imposition of a tariff and govern
“strict interpretation/ construction” and “loose interpretation/ construction”
“Loose interpretation”: You don’t interpret the Constitution literally. You do what makes it better.
“Strict Interpretation”: People who read the Constitution and live it word for word. No changing anything.
“impressed sailors”
Taking sailors from a merchant ship and forcing them to serve in a Navy.
Federalist Party
The Federalist Party, referred to as the Pro-Administration party until the 3rd United States Congress, was the first American political party. It existed from the early 1790s to 1816
Republican Party
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party
John Marshall
John Marshall became the fourth chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1801. He is largely responsible for establishing the Supreme Court’s role in federal government.
“judicial review”
Judicial review is the power of courts to decide the validity of acts of the legislative and executive branches of government. If the courts decide that a legislative act is unconstitutional, it is nullified. The decisions of the executive and administrative agencies can also be overruled by the courts as not conforming to the law or the Constitution.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Expedition from May 1804 to September 1806, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross the western portion of the United States.
Sacajawea
Sacagawea was a Lemhi Shoshone woman who is known for her help to the Lewis and Clark Expedition in achieving their chartered mission objectives by exploring the Louisiana Territory. Sacagawea traveled with the expedition thousands of miles from North Dakota to the Pacific Ocean.
Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans was fought on Sunday, January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham, and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson.
Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent (8 Stat. 218) was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Both sides signed it on December 24, 1814, in the city of Ghent, United Netherlands.
Results of the war of 1812
Results of the War of 1812. The War of 1812 happened between Great Britain and the United States in 1812. It caused no geographical changes. The main result of the war was two centuries of peace between the United States and Britain.
