Chapter 8 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Politics
Relationships and processes of cooperation conflict social control and power that are fundamental aspects of human life
Acephalous society
Society without a governing head generally with no hierarchical leadership
Structural functionalism
An anthropological theory that the different structure or institutions of a society (function to main social order/equilibrium)
Age grades
Grouping of age mates who are initiated into adulthood together
Bands
A small nomadic and self sufficient group of anywhere between 25-150 individuals with face to face social relationships usually egalitarian
Tribes
A type of pastoralist or horticulturist society with populations usually numbering in the hundreds or thousands in which leadership is more stable than that of a band but usually egalitarian with social relations based on reciprocal exchange
Chiefdoms
A political system with a hereditary leader who holds central authority typically supported by a class of high ranking elites informal laws and a simple judicial system
States
The mist complex form of political organization associated with societies that have intensive agriculture high levels of social stratification and central authority
Non centralized political system
A political system such as a band or tribe In which power and control over resources are dispersed between members of the society
Centralized political system
A political system such as a chiefdom or state in which certain individuals and institutions hold power and control over resources
Political power
The processes or cooperation conflict social control and power that are fundamental aspects of human life
Action theory
An approach In anthropological study of politics that closely follows the daily activities and decision making processes of individual political leaders emphasizing that politics is a dynamic and competitive field of social relations on which people are constantly managing their ability to exercise power over others
Structural power
Power that not only operates within settings but also organizes and orchestrates the settings in which social and individual actions take place
Nation states
Independent states recognized by other states composed of people who share s single national identity
Adjudication
The legal process by which an individual or council with socially recognized authority intervenes in a dispute and unilaterally makes a decision
