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APMT part 2 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

The continuous tube at the mouth and ending at the anus is known as the _____ or the _____

A

alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract

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2
Q

what are the 3 main functions of the Digestive System

A

digestion, absorption and elimination

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3
Q

a ___ is a soft mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed

A

bolus

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4
Q

the medical work for chewing is ___

A

mastication

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5
Q

the ___ is the passageway for both respiration, and digestion, and a bolus of food to pass from the pharynx to the stomach

A

throat

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6
Q

the ____ is the passageway for food from the pharynx tot he stomach

A

esophagus

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7
Q

another name for the digestive system is the ___ system

A

gastrointestinal

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8
Q

the stomach converts a bolus of food to a semiliquid state called ___

A

chyme

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9
Q

the roof of the mouth contains both a hard and soft ___

A

palate

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10
Q

the ____ surrounds the necks of the teeth

A

gingivae

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11
Q

the ___ is made from skeletal muscle and is covered with a mucous membrane

A

tongue

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12
Q

located on the surface of the tongue are ___ and __ ___

A

papillae and taste buds

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13
Q

name 2 sets of teeth

A

deciduous and permanent

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14
Q

the ___ portion of the tooth projects above the gum. The ___ is embedded in the jawbone. The ___ is the constricted portion between the crown and root.

A

crown, root, neck

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15
Q

The __ ___ contains the dental pulp, which is richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves.

A

pulp cavity

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16
Q

the ___ ___ is a narrow tunnel located at the root of the tooth and blood vessels and nerves enter through the opening called the ___ ___.

A

root canal , apical foramen

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17
Q

a layer of ___ covers the dentin of the root, protecting and firmly anchoring the ligament

A

cementum

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18
Q

the bulk of the tooth is ___ and ____ covers the exposed part of the crown of the tooth and is the hardest part of the tooth

A

dentin, enamel

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19
Q

Name the 3 Subdivisions of the throat

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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20
Q

another name for the voice box is the ____

A

larynx

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21
Q

the ____, a flap of tissue which blocks the opening of the voice box, preventing food from entering the airway leading to the windpipe.

A

epiglottis

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22
Q

the ___ leads from the pharynx to the stomach. Food must pass the ___ sphincter, also called the ____before entering the stomach.

A

esophagus, cardiac, LES

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23
Q

food is carried along the esophagus by a series of wavelike muscular contractions called ____

A

peristalsis

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24
Q

the ___ is a muscular saclike portion of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the duodenum

A

stomach

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25
list the 3 portions or regions of the stomach
fundus, body, antrum
26
there are folds in the mucous membrane lining the stomach called ____
rugae
27
food leaves the stomach through the ___ sphincter
pyloric
28
list the 3 parts of the small intestine in the correct order leading from the stomach
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
29
___ ___ are tiny finger-like projections covering the small intestine which absorb nutrients through the process of diffusion
intestinal villi
30
the valve between the small intestine and the large intestine is the ___ valve
ileocecal
31
list the 7 parts of the large intestine in the correct order leading from the small intestine to the outside of the body
``` cecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anus ```
32
the waste products of digestion are known as ___ and or ___
feces or stool
33
expelling waste through the anus is known as ___
defecation
34
____ is the first stool of a new born. It is a mixture of amniotic fluid and secretions of the intestinal glads.
meconium
35
salivary glands secrete ___
saliva
36
list the 3 pairs of salivary glands
parotid submandibular sublingual
37
list the 4 substances produced by the liver
bile heparin blood proteins fibrinogen and prothrombin
38
the ___ concentrates bile for future use
gallbladder
39
the ___ produces digestive juices and insulin
pancreas
40
ion
process
41
process by which nutrients are transferred from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream
absorption
42
ase
enzyme
43
amylase
enzyme that breaks down starch
44
an
without
45
anorexia
lack of appetite
46
ectomy
surgical removal
47
appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
48
itis
inflammation
49
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
50
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
51
bil/i
bile
52
ary
pertaining to
53
biliary
pertaining to bile
54
bile pigment produced by the liver cells; associated with jaundice
bilirubin
55
condition in which the tongue is covered by hair-like threads, which may appear brown or black; caused by fungus due to poor oral hygiene or antibiotic therapy
black hairy tongue
56
another word for bowel
intestine
57
al
pertaining to
58
buccal
pertaining to the cheek
59
celi
abdomen
60
ac
pertaining to
61
celiac
pertaining to the abdomen
62
cheil
lip
63
osis
condition
64
condition of the lip
cheilosis
65
chol/e
gall
66
cyst
bladder
67
ectomy
surgical removal
68
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
69
litho
stone
70
sis
condition
71
condition of gallstones
cholelithiasis
72
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
73
choledoch/o
common bile duct
74
tomy
surgical incision
75
choledochotomy
surgical incision of the common bile duct
76
chronic degenerative liver condition
cirrhosis
77
colectomy
surgical removal of part of the colon
78
another word for colon cancer is
colorectal
79
scope
instrument for examining
80
colonoscope
instrument for examining the colon
81
scopy
to view
82
colonoscopy
visual examination of the colon
83
stomy
new surgical opening
84
colostomy
new surgical opening of the colon to the outside of the body
85
process of infrequent passage of hard dry feces
constipation
86
chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly occurs in the ileum
Crohn disease
87
algia
pain
88
dentalgia
pain in a tooth
89
dia
through
90
rrhea
flow
91
frequent flow of watery stool
diarrhea
92
diverticulitis
inflammation of diverticula
93
duoden
duodenum
94
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
95
dys
difficult
96
pepsia
to digest
97
difficulty in digestion; indigestion
dyspepsia
98
phagia
to swallow
99
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
100
emesis
vomiting
101
enter
small intestine
102
ic
pertaining to
103
enteric
pertaining to the small intestine
104
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
105
epi
above
106
gastr
stomach
107
epigastric
pertaining to above the stomach
108
eructation
process of belching
109
esophage
esophagus
110
esophageal
pertaining to the esophagus
111
another name for feces is
stool
112
pertaining to expelling of gas from the anus
flatus
113
gastrectomy
surgical removal of the stomach
114
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
115
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
116
log
study of
117
ist
specialist
118
gastroenterologist
specialist in the study of the stomach and small intestine
119
study of the stomach and small intestines
gastroenterology
120
gastroesophageal
pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
121
condition that occurs when the muscle (sphincter) between the esophagus and the stomach is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach's contents to back up into the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease
122
to feed via a tube
gavage
123
inflammation of the gums
gingivitis
124
gloss
tongue
125
glossectomy
surgical removal of the tongue
126
halitosis
condition of bad breath
127
hemat
blood
128
hematemesis
vomiting blood
129
varicose veins in he anus or rectal area, can be integral or external
hemorrhoid
130
hepat
liver
131
hepatits
inflammation of the liver
132
abnormal protrusion of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it
hernia
133
name 3 types of hernias that can occur within the body
hiatal, inguinal umbilical
134
inguinal hernia is associated with the
groin
135
hiatal hernia is associated with the
stomach
136
umbilical hernia is associated with the
bellybutton
137
herni/o
hernia
138
rrhaphy
suture repair
139
herniorrhaphy
suture repair of a hernia
140
hyper
excessive
141
condition of excessive vomiting
hyperemesis
142
hypo
below
143
hypogastric
pertaining to below the stomach
144
term that describes conditions associated with the gastrointestinal tract, the two most common is ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease
inflammatory bowel disease
145
the telescoping of one part of the intestine into another, occurs chiefly in children and in the ileocecal region
intussusception
146
ile/o
ileum
147
new surgical opening from the ileum to the outside of the body
ileostomy
148
disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the large intestine; characterized by a group of symptoms, including cramps, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea
irritable bowel syndrome
149
Labi
Lip
150
Al
Pertaining to
151
Labial
Pertaining to the lip
152
Lapar/o
Abdomen
153
Laparotomy
Surgical incision into the abdomen
154
To wash out a cavity. Used to remove or dilute gastric contents in cases of poisoning or ingestion of caustic substances
Lavage
155
Substance that acts to loosen the bowel
Laxative
156
Lingu
Tongue
157
Lingual
Pertaining to the tongue
158
Mal
Bad
159
Process of inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract
Malabsorption
160
Masticat
To chew
161
Mastication
Process of chewing
162
Black, tarry feces
Melena
163
Pertaining to the membrane or peritoneum encircling the small intestines that connects the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesentery
164
Uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit
Nausea
165
Pancreat
Pancreas
166
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
167
Pertaining to digestion
Peptic
168
Peri
Around
169
Odont
Tooth
170
Periodontal
Pertaining to the area around the tooth
171
Wavelike contractions that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal
Peristalsis
172
Pharyng/e
Throat
173
Pharyngeal
Pertaining to the throat
174
Post
After
175
Postprandial
Pertaining to after a meal
176
Proct/o
Anus and rectum
177
Scope
Instrument for examining
178
Instrument used in a medical procedure to view the interior of the rectum and anus
Proctoscope
179
Pylor
Pylorus
180
Pyloric
Pertaining to the pylorus
181
Rect/o
Rectum
182
Cele
Hernia
183
Rectocele
Hernia of the rectum into the vagina
184
Sial
Saliva
185
Aden
Gland
186
Sialadenitis
Inflammation of a Salivary gland
187
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
188
Instrument used to view the interior of the sigmoid colon
Sigmoidoscope
189
Splen/o
Spleen
190
Megaly
Enlargement
191
Splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen
192
Stomat
Mouth
193
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
194
Sub
Below
195
Subligual
Pertaining to below the tongue
196
Us
Pertaining to
197
Pertaining to the twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction
Volvulus

APMT part 2 (5 decks)

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