Chapter 8 Attitude Formation and Change

Question 0

What is the tri-component model of attitudes?

Answer 0

Is a model that proposes all attitudes have three components.
Affective
Behavioural
Cognitive

Question 1

What is Classical conditioning?

Answer 1

A simple from of learning which occurs through repeated association of two different stimuli or events.

Question 2

What is the affective component?

Answer 2

The affective component is the feelings someone has towards a object, person, group, event or issue.

Question 3

What is the behavioural component?

Answer 3

It is the was we act upon a object, person, group, event or issue.

Question 4

What is the cognitive component?

Answer 4

It is the belief we have about an object, person, group, event or issue.

Question 5

What is an attitude

Answer 5

An attitude is an evaluation we make about an object, person, group, event, or issue

Question 6

What are the factors that influence attitude formation?

Answer 6

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Modelling

Question 7

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 7

Leaning that is based on repeating behaviour which has a desirable consequence or reward.

Question 8

What is modelling?

Answer 8

Learning through observing another’s behaviour (the model).

Question 9

What is a stereotype?

Answer 9

A collection of beliefs that we have about people who belong to certain group.

Question 10

What is stigma?

Answer 10

A negative label associated with disapproval or rejection by others who are not labeled in that way

Question 11

What is prejudice?

Answer 11

Holding a negative attitude towards a member of a group solely based on their membership in that group.

Question 12

What is discrimination?

Answer 12

The negative behaviour directed towards a a social group and it’s members.
The act of prejudice.

Question 13

What is direct discrimination?

Answer 13

Occurs when someone is treated unfairly and is disadvantaged because of personal characteristics.

Question 14

What is Indirect discrimination?

Answer 14

Occurs when treating everybody the same way disadvantages someone because of a personal characteristic.

Question 15

What factors contribute to the development of prejudice?

Answer 15

In groups and out groups
Intergroup conflict
Attributions

Question 16

What are in and out groups?

Answer 16

An in group is to be apart of groups of people who share a common interest.
An out group is a either a group looked down upon, or being alone.

Question 17

What is intergroup conflict?

Answer 17

Occurs when members of two groups compete to get something that their group wants

Question 18

What is attributions

Answer 18

Trying to explain observed behaviour in terms of a particular cause.

Question 19

What are factors that may reduce prejudice?

Answer 19

Sustained contact
Mutual interdependence
Superordinate goals 
Equality of status
Cognitive intervention

Question 20

What is sustained contact?

Answer 20

Close prolonged one on one contact that leads a person to re-evaluate their preconceived stereotype or prejudice.

Question 21

What is mutual interdependence?

Answer 21

Some psychologists believe that contact, even over time is not enough rather two prejudice groups must be dependent on each other.

Question 22

What is Superordinate goals

Answer 22

A goal that cannot be achieved by one group and overrides all other needs this does not occur often and is more a survival role.

Question 23

What is Cognitive intervention

Answer 23

Changing the way someone thinks about prejudice.

Question 24

What is equality of status

Answer 24

Contact between groups needs equal status as each other to reduce prejudice.

Question 25

What are the three steps of cognitive intervention?

Answer 25

1- to realise that their attitude is wrong 2- put your self in their shoes 3- to suppress or reject these feelings/urges

Question 26

What is a flaw in the tri-component model?

Answer 26

Often the behaviour is inconsistent with the affective and cognitive components. E.g I think smoking is bad, but I still do it.

Question 27

What is a Strength of an attitude?

Answer 27

A strong attitude is an attitude that is usually thought about, well known and easily assessable.

Question 28

what is the Accessibility of an attitude?

Answer 28

An attitude and behaviour as being accessible to influence behaviour.

Question 29

What is the Social context of an attitude?

Answer 29

The specific situation a person might be I depending and altering an attitude and/or behaviour.

Question 30

What is Perceived control over behaviour?

Answer 30

A person is more likely to hold an attitude the feel they have control over.

Question 31

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 31

Inconsistencies within our attitude that we are aware of.

Question 32

What is repeated exposure?

Answer 32

Simply seeing and being exposed to a person, object, behaviour, event, or issue repeatedly. This normally results in the formation of a positive attitude.

Question 33

What is a positive that can come out of stereotyping?

Answer 33

It can help you to know how to act around groups of people. | Source: Brundy Brundell

Question 34

What is a negative of stereotyping?

Answer 34

It can lead you to think something about a person that is not true