Chapter 8: Body Systems - Biology

Question 1

Respiratory Systems (Function)

Answer 1

• Responsible for providing oxygen needed by the body, and for removing carbon dioxide
• Connected to the circulatory system

Question 2

Nose

Answer 2

RESPIRATORY (Upper Respiratory Tract)
Passageway for air

Question 3

Mouth

Answer 3

RESPIRATORY (Upper Respiratory Tract)
Passageway for food and air

Question 4

Nasal Cavity

Answer 4

RESPIRATORY (Upper Respiratory Tract)
Filters, warms, and moistens air

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

RESPIRATORY (Upper Respiratory Tract)
Also a throat, and it is a common passageway for air, food, and liquid

Question 6

Epiglottis

Answer 6

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
Covers Larynx during swallowing

Question 7

Larynx

Answer 7

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
It is also a voice box that makes sound

Question 8

Pleural Membranes

Answer 8

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
Covers the lungs, and line the chest cavity

Question 9

Trachea

Answer 9

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
Also the windpipe which is the main airway

Question 10

Lung

Answer 10

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
Organ of gas exchange

Question 11

Intercoastal muscle

Answer 11

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
Moves ribs during respiration

Question 12

Rib

Answer 12

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
keeping lungs in place and providing protection

Question 13

Bronchi

Answer 13

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
Branching airways

Question 14

Bronchioles

Answer 14

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
Branch of from the bronchis connecting it to alveolis

Question 15

Alveoli

Answer 15

RESPIRATORY (Lower Respiratory Tract)
Air sacs for gas exchange

Question 16

Gas exchange between blood and alveoli

Answer 16

Alveoli are surrounded by a capillary network
- Oxygen enters through diffusion
- Carbon dioxide leaves through diffusion
- Concentration of the blood that flows through the lungs must be lower than the oxygen in the air, and the alveoli

Question 17

Control breathing

Answer 17

• The control over breathing is involuntary
• Breathing is controlled by the brain that detects the concentration of carbon dioxide in blood
• As the level of CO2 rises, the brain sends a signal to the diaphragm
• As a result, breathing rate, and heart rate increases

Question 18

Mouth (Digestive)

Answer 18

ORGAN
- Teeth chew food
- Tongue positions and tastes food

Question 19

Pharynx (Digestive)

Answer 19

ORGANS
- Passageway for food and air
- Participates in swallowing

Question 20

Salivary Glands

Answer 20

ACCESSORY ORGANS
- Saliva moistens food
- Bicarbonate mainstains pH
- Amytase digests starch
- Lysozyme innhibits bacteria

Question 21

Esophagus

Answer 21

ORGAN
- Moves food from pharynx to stomach

Question 22

Stomach

Answer 22

ORGAN
- Stores, and mixes food
- Begins chemical digestion of protein by enzymes and acid
- Regulates delivery to the small intestine

Question 23

Liver

Answer 23

ACCESSORY ORGANS
- Produces biles
- Performs various functions associated with processing and storing nutrients

Question 24

Large Intestine

Answer 24

ORGANS
- Absorbs nutrients
- Stores waste materials

Question 25

Small Intestine

Answer 25

ORGANS - Digests proteins, fats, and carbohydrates - Absorbs most of the nutrients - Secrete digestive hormones, and enzymes

Question 26

Gall Bladder

Answer 26

ACCESSORY ORGANS - Stores and concentrates bile

Question 27

Rectum

Answer 27

ORGANS - Passageway for feces

Question 28

Anus

Answer 28

ORGANS - Expells undigested materials

Question 29

Pancreas

Answer 29

ACCESSORY ORGANS - Secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine - Secretes bicarbonate into small intestine to neutralize stomach acid

Question 30

Accesory Organs vs Organs

Answer 30

Organs: Part of the Digestive Tract Accesory Organs: Responsible for the production of enzymes, and certain materials needed for digesting

Question 31

Pulmonary means

Answer 31

Relating to the lungs

Question 32

Right side of heart (what blood?)

Answer 32

Deoxygenated blood

Question 33

Left side of heart (what blood?)

Answer 33

Oxygenated blood

Question 34

Valve

Answer 34

Doors to chambers

Question 35

Capillaries

Answer 35

- Arteries, and veins are connected by capillaries - Are extremely small, thin-walled blood vessels (one epithelial cell thick) - Bring blood into close contact with the tissues in the organs throughout the body - In every tissue of every organ, in the human body, capillaries deliver blood that is rich in oxygen and nutrients - Blood in capillaries picks up waters from cells and transports them to kidneys and lungs to be removed from the bloodstreamo

Question 36

circulatory process left side

Answer 36

Left Side of Heart (carries oxygenated blood): 1. Blood from the lungs to the heart gets collected in the Left Atrium 2. Contraction of the walls of the left Atrium 3. Mitral Valve opens 4. Blood gushes into the left ventricle filling it up 5. Mitral valve closes and muscle of the Left Ventricle contracts 6. Aortic valve is opened and blood is squeezed through the aortic valve into the body Blood going through Aorta under high pressue so it pushed to different parts of the body

Question 37

circulatory process right side

Answer 37

Right Side of Heart (carries deoxygenated blood): 1. Blood comes from body to the heart filling the Right Atrium 2. Contraction of the walls of the Right Atrium 3. The Tricuspid Valve opens and blood gushes to the Right Ventricle filling it with blood 4. Tricuspid Valve closes and the walls of the Right Ventricle contract 5. Pulmonic Valve opens and the blood is squeezed through it onto the lungs