Chapter 8 Cells

Question 1

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 1

First to observe living micro organisms

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

All living things are made up of cells
cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
New cells are reproduced from old cells

Question 3

Light Microscope

Answer 3

Uses lenses to magnify images of objects by focusing light

Question 4

Electron microscope

Answer 4

Uses magnets to focus electrons and sensors to find electrons to create an image.

Question 5

Transmission Electron

Answer 5

Electrons PASS through them

Question 6

Scanning electron

Answer 6

Electrons BOUNCE off them

Question 7

Micrograph

Answer 7

A photo of an object seen through a microscope

Question 8

Cell size (human eye)

Answer 8

millimeter 1/1000m

Question 9

Cell size (light microscope)

Answer 9

micrometer 1/1000000000m

Question 10

Cell Size( electron microscope)

Answer 10

nanometer 1/1000000000000m

Question 11

Prokaryote

Answer 11

no nucleus Bacteria

Question 12

Eukaryote

Answer 12

plant cell animal cell both membrane and nucleus

Question 13

The Nucleus

Answer 13

Controls most cell proccess and DNA

Question 14

chromatin

Answer 14

loose DNA

Question 15

Nuclear envolope

Answer 15

double membrane around the nucleus

Question 16

Nuclear Pores

Answer 16

passageways for organelles or macromolecules

Question 17

DNA to RNA

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

RNA to Protein

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

Ribosomes

Answer 19

organelles found in all cells that synthesize proteins

Question 20

ER (endoplasmic reticulum) Rough

Answer 20

a part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within a cell that is studded with ribosomes, giving it a “rough” appearance, and is primarily responsible for the synthesis and modification of proteins destined for secretion from the cell or to be embedded in the cell membrane

Question 21

ER (endoplasmic reticulum) Smooth

Answer 21

a region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that lacks ribosomes and is involved in several metabolic processes

Question 22

ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 22

a network of sacs and tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and is responsible for many important functions, including protein folding and transportation:

Question 23

Vesicles

Answer 23

small sacs that move substances in and out of cells and fluid-filled blisters on the skin

Question 24

Golgi Apperatus

Answer 24

a cell organelle that processes proteins and lipids, and packages them into vesicles for transport to various destinations within or outside the cell

Question 25

Contractile Vacuoles

Answer 25

an organelle that helps regulate water balance in cells and remove waste

Question 26

Central Vacuoles

Answer 26

large, membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells

Question 27

Lysosomes

Answer 27

a sac-like organelle in a cell that contains enzymes that break down materials within the cell

Question 28

Cytoskeleton

Answer 28

made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 29

Microtubules

Answer 29

hollow, tube-shaped structures that are part of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells

Question 30

chloroplasts

Answer 30

a type of plastid—a round, oval, or disk-shaped body that is involved in the synthesis and storage of foodstuffs

Question 31

mitochondria

Answer 31

membrane-bound cell organelles

Question 32

Cell membranes

Answer 32

semipermeable barriers that separate the inside of a cell from the outside environment

Question 33

cell walls

Answer 33

rigid or flexible structures that surround certain types of cells

Question 34

lipid bilayer

Answer 34

a thin, flat membrane that separates the inside and outside of a cell and is made up of two layers of lipid molecules

Question 35

proteins

Answer 35

large, complex molecules that play many important roles in the body

Question 36

charbohydrate chains

Answer 36

complex structures that have many biological functions

Question 37

Passive transport

Answer 37

transport of molecules in a cell that doesnt use any energy

Question 38

concentration gradient diffusion

Answer 38

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 39

diffusion

Answer 39

movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 40

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 40

a passive transport process that allows molecules or ions to move across a cell membrane with the help of proteins

Question 41

equillibrium

Question 42

Aquaporin

Question 43

Osmosis

Question 44

Isotonic

Question 45

Hypertonic

Question 46

Active transport

Question 47

Hypotonic

Question 48

protien pumps

Question 49

endocytosis

Question 50

exocytosis

Question 51

phagocytosis

Question 52

homeostasis

Question 53

multicellular organisms

Question 54

red blood cells

Question 55

Mesodermal Cells