Chapter 8 - Coding Endocrine Conditions

Question 1

Thyroid gland

P. 198

Answer 1

A two-lobed gland located in the neck that reaches around the trachea laterally and connect anteriorly by an isthmus. The thyroid gland produces hormones used for metabolic function.

• two hormones secreted by this gland – triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) – are collectively known as thyroid hormone (TH).

Question 2

Parathyroid glands

P. 198

Answer 2

Four small glands situated on the back of the thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone.

Question 3

Hypothyroidism

P. 199

Answer 3

A condition in which the thyroid converts energy more slowly than normal, resulting in an otherwise unexplained weight gain and fatigue.

Question 4

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

P. 203

Answer 4

A chronic systemic disease that results from insulin deficiency or resistance and causes the body to improperly metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Question 5

Polydipsia

P. 203

Answer 5

Excessive thirst.

Question 6

Polyuria

P. 203

Answer 6

Excessive urination.

Question 7

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

P. 204

Answer 7

A sudden onset of insulin deficiency that may occur at any age but most often arises in childhood and adolescence; also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), juvenile diabetes or type 1.

Question 8

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

P. 204

Answer 8

A form of diabetes mellitus with a gradual onset that may develop at any age but most often occurs in adults over the age of 40; also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2.

Question 9

Dyslipidemia

P. 204

Answer 9

Abnormal lipoprotein metabolism.

Question 10

Secondary diabetes mellitus

P. 204

Answer 10

Diabetes caused by medication or another condition or disease.

Question 11

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

P. 204

Answer 11

Usually a temporary diabetes mellitus occurring during pregnancy; however, such patients have an increased risk of later developing type 2 diabetes.

Question 12

Hypoglycemics

P. 207

Answer 12

Prescription, non insulin medications designed to lower a patient’s glycemic level.

Question 13

Hyperglycemia

P. 208

Answer 13

Abnormally high levels of glucose.

Question 14

Hypoglycemia

P. 208

Answer 14

Abnormally low glucose levels.

Question 15

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

P. 210

Answer 15

Is a disorder of water metabolism that is the result of in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency.

• intracranial neoplastic or metastatic lesions, hypophysectomy or other neurosurgery, or skull fractures or other head trauma that damages the neurohypophyseal structures can all incite DI.

Question 16

Cushing’s syndrome

P. 211

Answer 16

A condition resulting from the hyperproduction of corticosteroids, most often caused by in adrenal cortex tumor or a tumor of the pituitary gland.

Question 17

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

P. 217

Answer 17

Is a hereditary malfunction of the secretory glands.

• a defect in the CFTR gene affect the glands that produce mucus and sweat, resulting in the secretion of thick, sticky mucus and very salty sweat.

Question 18

Hyperthyroidism

P. 200

Answer 18

also known as thyrotoxicosis, is a condition in which the thyroid secrete too many hormones, more than the body needs to function properly.

Question 19

Graves’ disease

P. 200

Answer 19

(toxic diffuse goiter) is an autoimmune disorder. This malfunction of the immune system creates an antibody called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) that fixes itself to thyroid cells. TSI Then accelerates the overproduction of the thyroid hormone.

• bulging eyes

Question 20

Thyroiditis

P. 200

Answer 20

Is an inflammation of the thyroid that causes thyroid hormones stored within the thyroid gland to leak out. Initially, the leakage can be identified by the increased hormone levels showing in the blood. If the leak continues, this can cause hyperthyroidism.

Question 21

Diabetes signs and symptoms:

P. 203 - 204

Answer 21

• excessive thirst
• excessive appetite
• increased urination
• unusual weight change (loss or gain)
• fatigue
• nausea, vomiting
• blurred vision
• frequent vaginal infections (females)
• yeast infections (both males and females)
• dry mouth
• slow-healing sores or cuts
• itchy skin, especially in the groin or vaginal area

Question 22

Hypoinsulinemia

Answer 22

Prevents the uptake of glucose by myocytes, causing a loss of inotropy and shock.

Question 23

The ____________ ______________ gland transmits thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to the thyroid, which then extracts iodine from the blood system to create two hormones.

(P. 198)

Answer 23

anterior pituitary

Question 24

Other Disorders of the thyroid

P. 201

Answer 24

• Nontoxic goiter (Code Category E04)
• Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (Code E06.3)
• Myxedema (type of hypothyroidism)(Code E03.9)

Question 25

What are some factors that can cause diabetes insipidus? | P. 210

Answer 25

* intracranial neoplastic or metastatic lesions * hypophysectomy or other neurosurgery * skull fractures * head trauma * infection

Question 26

body mass index (BMI) | P. 214

Answer 26

Is a calculation using an individual's actual weight and current height to determine a workable measure of body fat.

Question 27

Codes for reporting an abnormal weight loss or underweight conditions are listed in the ___________, _________, and _____________ ____________ _____ _____________ ____________ section of the ICD-10-CM. (P. 214)

Answer 27

Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings

Question 28

What type of lab test examines albumin levels in the urine? | P. 205

Answer 28

Quantitative lab test examine the levels of albumin in the patient's urine

Question 29

Gangrene | P. 206

Answer 29

Condition by with necrosis (tissue death) occurs as a result of lack of blood. • when gangrene is not caught early enough, the resulting treatment to stop the spread of the necrosis is often amputation.

Question 30

What are the possible effects of thyroid nodules? | P. 200

Answer 30

Thyroid nodule may stimulate the thyroid to become overactive.

Question 31

Overweight | P. 213

Answer 31

Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9

Question 32

Obesity | P. 213

Answer 32

Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 to 38.9

Question 33

Morbid Obesity | P. 213

Answer 33

Body Mass Index (BMI) over 39

Question 34

The process of metabolization | P. 216

Answer 34

The chemicals in the digestive system portion out glucose in acids from the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the food.

Question 35

Hyperchloremia | P. 216

Answer 35

Is an excessive levels of chloride anion in the blood and can cause tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), hypertension, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and agitation.

Question 36

What does TSI stand for? | P. 200

Answer 36

Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin

Question 37

Wilson's disease

Answer 37

An inherited disorder that causes too much copper to accumulate in the organs. In Wilson's disease, copper isn't eliminated properly and instead accumulates, possibly to a life-threatening level. Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 12 and 23. Symptoms: Fatigue, lack of appetite or abdominal pain. A yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eye (jaundice) Golden-brown eye discoloration (Kayser-Fleischer rings) Fluid buildup in the legs or abdomen. Problems with speech, swallowing or physical coordination. Uncontrolled movements or muscle stiffness.

Question 38

Wolman's disease

Answer 38

Is a congenital disease characterized by an impaired metabolism of the fats (lipids). It is the most severe type of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. The lysomal acid lipase deficiency causes a buildup of lipids (fats) in body organs and calcium deposits in the adrenal glands. Signs and Symptoms: The symptoms of Wolman disease usually become apparent shortly after birth, usually during the first few weeks of life. Affected infants may develop bloating or swelling of the stomach (abdominal distention) and may have significant enlargement of the liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). Scarring (fibrosis) of the liver may also occur. In some cases, fluid may accumulate in the abdominal cavity (ascites). Infants with Wolman disease have serious digestive abnormalities including malabsorption, a condition in which the intestines fail to absorb nutrients and calories form food. Malabsorption associated with Wolman disease causes persistent and often forceful vomiting, frequent diarrhea, foul-smelling, fatty stools (steatorrhea) and malnutrition. Because of these digestive complications, affected infants usually fail to grow and gain weight at the expected rate for their age and sex (failure to thrive). Enlargement of the liver and spleen and protrusion of the abdomen can cause umbilical hernia, a condition in which the contents of the stomach may push through an abnormal opening or tear in the abdominal wall near the bellybutton. Additional symptoms may also occur in Wolman disease including yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes and whites of the eyes (jaundice), a persistent low-grade fever, and poor muscle tone (hypotonia). Infants may exhibit delays in the development of motor skills.

Question 39

Hunter's Syndrome (The condition is one type of a group of inherited metabolic disorders called mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). Hunter syndrome is also known as MPS II.)

Answer 39

Hunter syndrome is a very rare, inherited genetic disorder caused by a missing or malfunctioning enzyme. In Hunter syndrome, the body doesn't have enough of the enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase. This enzyme's job is to break down certain complex molecules, and without enough of this enzyme, the molecules build up in harmful amounts. Symptoms Hunter syndrome symptoms vary and range from mild to severe. Symptoms aren't present at birth, but often begin around ages 2 to 4 as the harmful molecules build up. Signs and symptoms may include: * An enlarged head * Thickening of the lips * A broad nose and flared nostrils * A protruding tongue * A deep, hoarse voice * Abnormal bone size or shape and other skeletal irregularities * A distended abdomen, as a result of enlarged internal organs * Chronic diarrhea * White skin growths that resemble pebbles * Joint stiffness * Aggressive behavior * Stunted growth * Delayed development, such as late walking or talking

Question 40

Postprandial

Answer 40

occurring after a meal.

Question 41

Gilbert's Syndrome

Answer 41

Gilbert's syndrome is an inherited condition that's often discovered by accident, such as when someone has a blood test. It occurs due to a defect in the processing of bilirubin by the liver. Symptoms: Requires a medical diagnosis The syndrome may cause the skin and the whites of the eyes to have a yellow tinge due to the buildup Typically no treatment is needed.

Question 42

Vitiligo (vit-ih-LIE-go)

Answer 42

is a disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches. The extent and rate of color loss from vitiligo is unpredictable. It can affect the skin on any part of your body. It may also affect hair and the inside of the mouth. Normally, the color of hair and skin is determined by melanin. Treatment: Sunscreen, makeup, topical corticosteroids, phototherapy