Chapter 8- Digestive System

Question 1

What is the definition of digestion?

Answer 1

Both physical and chemical processes that reduce food to small soluble molecules that can be absorbed

Question 2

What are the substances that can be absorbed? (4)

Answer 2

• amino acids
• sugars of carbohydrates
• glycerol and fatty acids of fats
• some minerals and water

Question 3

What are used in chemical digestion?

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

Function of the mouth

Answer 4

Stores food while being chewed, place where saliva is mixed with food

Question 5

Function of lips

Answer 5

Hold food in oral cavity, help direct food onto teeth

Question 6

Function of teeth

Answer 6

Breaks food into smaller pieces to create a higher surface area for enzymes to work on

Question 7

Function of salivary glands

Answer 7

Produce saliva for moistening and chemically digesting food

Question 8

Function of the tongue

Answer 8

Directs food onto teeth, pushes food towards pharynx

Question 9

Function and location of the pharynx

Answer 9

Where swallowing occurs, back of throat

Question 10

Function of the epiglottis

Answer 10

Closes off trachea, prevents food from entering air passage

Question 11

Function of the esophagus

Answer 11

Food is transported from the mouth to the stomach by peristalsis

Question 12

What occurs when food is being swallowed and breathing occurs at the same time?

Answer 12

Choking

Question 13

What is peristalsis

Answer 13

The rhythmical contraction of the esophageal wall/ intestinal tract

Question 14

Function of the cardiac sphincter

Answer 14

Closes off the top part of the stomach to prevent food from being regurgitated into the esophagus

Question 15

Function of stomach

Answer 15

Stores and churns food; helps with physical digestion

Question 16

Where does the digestion of protein occur?

Answer 16

The stomach

Question 17

What is made out of the food in the stomach?

Answer 17

Acid chyme

Question 18

Where and why is gastrin produced?

Answer 18

Lower stomach, stimulates gastric glands to produce pepsinogen and HCl

Question 19

What do pepsinogen and HCl react to produce?

Answer 19

Pepsin

Question 20

What is the function of pepsin?

Answer 20

Chemically digests proteins to peptides

Question 21

Function of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 21

Closes off the lower part of the stomach so that only a small amount of chyme enters the small intestine

Question 22

What occurs in the duodenum?

Answer 22

Enzymes from the pancreas and the small intestine digest all 3 food groups here

Question 23

Function and location of bile

Answer 23

Made in liver, stored in gall bladder, secreted into the small intestine, emulsifies fat

Question 24

Function of the pancreas

Answer 24

Produces enzymes and sodium bicarbonate (neutralizes the acidic chyme)

Question 25

Function of the gall bladder

Answer 25

Stores bile

Question 26

Function of the liver

Answer 26

Produces bile

Question 27

Function of the small intestine

Answer 27

Final digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 28

What are the two most important hormones secreted by the duodenal wall, and their functions

Answer 28

* Secretin: stimulates the release of pancreatic juices | * Cholocytokinin: stimulates the release of bile from the gall bladder