Chapter 8: Era of Thatcher, Mitterrand and Kohl

Question 1

What happened in 1976 in Poland?

Answer 1

Workers strike: joined by intellecturals, heralds the beginning of a MOVEMENT TOWARDS class unification against socialism

Question 2

What was the government’s response to the Polish Workers striek in 1976?

Answer 2

huge government clampdown. Polish government and the USSR CHANGED THE CONSTITUTION.

Question 3

What was the workers’ response to the government response’ for the 1976 strike?

Answer 3

they continued to strike again in 1980 in order to decrease the prices of goods.

Question 4

Which side did the Catholic Church take during the Workers strikes in poland?

Answer 4

Pope john Paul criticized the communist regime, and becomes part of the workers coalition

Question 5

Who advocated for cooperation between the Church and the workers in Poland?

Answer 5

Adam Michnik.

Question 6

In the Lenin shipyard in ____, a protest led by Lech Walesa called ____ advocated for a free trade union and increased workers rights

Answer 6

In the Lenin shipyard in 1978, a protest led by Lech Walesa called SOLIDARITY advocated for a free trade union and increased workers rights.

SOLIDARITY believed that society had the right to organize itself and create its own government.

Question 7

What was the first independent labour union in Eastern Bloc Countries?

Answer 7

Solidarity

Question 8

What was the polish government reaction to solidarity?

Answer 8

media censorship and disconnection of telephones. THIS FAILED, and the stike SHUT DOWN THE POLISH ECONOMY.

Question 9

Even as a Union, solidarity continued to strike. HOw did the Polish government handle this situation?

Answer 9

through marshal law, and they BANNED solidarity altogether in 1983. they arrestted leader Walesa. However, Solidarity continued to survive even though they were illegal.

Question 10

T/F: solidarity sided with Gorbachev’s glasnost and perestroika policies

Answer 10

true

Question 11

What were the Round Table Talks of Poland?

Answer 11

Meeting between Polish government and Solidarity. Solidarity then became RELEGALIZED and became a POLITICAL PARTY.

Question 12

In june 1989, solidarity ___

Answer 12

takes over free elections, embarrassing the communists.

Question 13

What year did Poland transition to democracy

Answer 13

1991, after Solidarity took part in the government.

Question 14

During the 1960’s in Hungary, the government tried to implement the ______ program. Why did this not work?

Answer 14

they tried to implement the NEW ECONOMIC MECHANISM program. It tried to provide increased goods choices for consumers but it did not work because there was too much DEBT

Question 15

in 1988, ____ becomes Prime minister of hungary, which created a divide in the communist party because he was a reformer

Answer 15

Nemeth.

Question 16

When Nemeth became prime minister of hungary, how did the communist party get divded? which group won?

Answer 16

communist party got divided into Hardliners versus the Reformers.

Question 17

Under the guidance of nemeth, Hungary opened its boarders with ____ in 1989, marking the start of _____

Answer 17

Austria, start of exodus: peaceful transition to democracy without soviet interference

Question 18

In summer 1989, Hungary passed the _____.

Answer 18

Democracy passage, which rewrote the constitution to allow multiparty elections and a presidential elections.

Question 19

What did the democracy passage entail?

Answer 19

rewrote the constitution to allow multiparty elections and a presidential elections.

Question 20

When did Hungary become independent and democratic?

Answer 20

in October 1989, on the 33rd anniversary of the Hungarian revolution

Question 21

in November 1989, what happened in East germany?

Answer 21

on the 4th, East germany opened its boarder with czechoslovakia, and on the 9th, the berlin wall was breached.

Question 22

On march 1990, when East germany was allowed to have their first free elections, who was voted in? what happend?

Answer 22

West Germany Chancellor Helmut Kohl’s Christian Democratic Union was elected. germany was united in OCTOBER 1990

Question 23

on October 1990, Geramany became ____

Answer 23

united

Question 24

Early in the 60s, the warsaw pact countries had limited freedom. However, they were still allowed to trade limitedly with the West. What two rules did they have to follow?

Answer 24

1) every Warsaw pact state must uphold the pact alliance above all else
2) only the communist party could hold political power.

Question 25

In 1967, Novotney in Chzechoslovakia was replaced with _____.

Answer 25

Dubcek.

Question 26

In April 1968, Dubcek started an “____” for reform, which later became known as ____ spring.

Answer 26

Dubcek started an Action Program for reform which later became known as Prague Spring

Question 27

What did Dubcek’s Action Program Entail?

Answer 27

1) free dom of speech and religious observances
2) new electoral laws allowed multiparty candidates
3) political access for non-communist parties
4) Broad economic reforms to give businesses decision making power and allow for some limited PRIVATE ENTERPRISE
4) Trade with the west allowed
5) an independent judiciary system
6) INDEPENDENCE for slovakia

Question 28

Why did USSR leader Breznev not like Dubcek’s Action Plan?

Answer 28

Because he saw it through the lens of the COLD WAR. he was concerened about a possible DOMINO EFFECT.

Question 29

On august 1968, the USSR decided to invade Czechoslovakia to regain power, and arrest Dubcek and his allies. What terms were given to Dubcek if he were to remain in power?

Answer 29

he had to impose a military dictatorship from Moscow.

He tried to continue reform policies when he got released but was then over thrown.

Question 30

Dubcek’s Action Program is also known as

Answer 30

socialism with a human face

Question 31

After Dubcek was taken out of parliament, what did Breznev institute? What were the rules?

Answer 31

The Doctrine of Limited Sovereignty.

1) no socialist state is to adopt policies endangering the interests of socialism
2) soviets could intervene if communist rule was threatened.

Question 32

By 1989, Czechoslovakia citizens did not like Breznev’s new doctrine. what did they try and do? Who was leading the reformers?

Answer 32

They revived charter 77 led by Vaclav Havel, an underground reform group.
- on november 17, there was a huge STUDENT demonstration that resulted in police brutality

Question 33

Charter ____ revival brought back ____

Answer 33

Charter 77 brought back alexander Dubce for Prime Minister, and leader of Charter 77 Vaclav Havel became president.

Question 34

In Romania, ______ hated glasnost and perestroika and ruled very repressively

Answer 34

Nicolae Ceasescu, who was in power since 1965

Question 35

in December 1989, romanian revolution happened in attempt to overthrow Ceasescu. Why was the least effective reform?

Answer 35

because it was highly violent and then the National Salvation Front (Ceausescu supporters) takes over after Ceausescu flees.

Question 36

In bulgaria, a coup is staged to over throw ____ in November 1989.

Answer 36

They tried to overthrow Todor Zhivkov

Question 37

Who replaced Todor Zhivkov in Bulgaria?

Answer 37

Peter Mlladenov

Question 38

How did dissident groups drive change in Bulgaria?

Answer 38

dissident groups like Eco-glasnost provoked Bulgaria to hold their first free election in decades. Their protests led to COMMUNISTS STEPPING DOWN AND AGREEING TO FREE ELECTIONS.

Question 39

Who led the reforms in Albania?

Answer 39

Ramiz Alia. Slowly introduced reforms and cultivated relationship with the west.

Question 40

Why did Albania revolution happen so much later compared to poland or hungary?

Answer 40

because albania is a little secluded

Question 41

Who was the first democratically elected leader of Albania? in 1992

Answer 41

Sali Berisha, who was democratically elected