Chapter 8 - Free Energy Flashcards
(20 cards)
Free energy
āGā Gibbs, energy associated with a system, that has the ability to do work. In a molecule, in a cell.
How does change in free energy predict process is spontaneous
A+B=C if favorable the change in free energy. if you let it sit there will is spontaneous go from reactants to products.
Spontaneous
will A+B=C without any given energy. on its own. High to energy (water down a waterfall)
Low to high energy states
carry water against current up the hill. requires work.
photosynthesis
convert low to high, using high to do work.
energy states
difference in free energy from final to initial state. products, reactants. Is high energy associate in initial or final state?
how can you tell if a reaction is spontaneous ?
High to low, happens on its own. Sign of delta G.
-G
initial state has high , spontaneous. free energy can be captured
+G
Final state is higher than int. not spontaneous
less stable
tendency to fall off diving board, to go to low energy state. Spontaneous, more likely to happen. Release such energy to do work.
diffusion
high to low concentrations. thermodynamically favorable like in pumping protons from low to high constration
diffusion
high to low concentrations. thermodynamically favorable like in pumping protons from low to high concentration-the energy released can be coupled to the movement of sucres against concentration gradient.
respiration
complex molecules usually as glucose at high energy state when broken down into components releases energy via respiration to do work (cellular metabolism)
Exothermic
describe directionality and if is required or used for reactions during reactions. energy is released (A+B=C energy)
Endothermic
Reactants require more energy to produce products, non spontaneous, not thermodynamically favorable because is required into the system and stored in the products. (how about in respiration )
Respiration
taking high energy reactants, glucose, and creating energy and products low energy like CO2 ( low energy) cells are
photosynthesis
Taking low energy molecules and sunlight to make glucose,
Hydroelectric system
high to low free energy with turbine. this movement of water to do work (turn on light) the closed system will come to equilibrium (no free energy available and no potential for work to occur.) to maintain work we need to add a continuous input of water like respiration consuming high free energy glucose and the products are CO2
Drastic difference of free energy
can cause fire and burn which is why we need steps to utilize and harness multiple energies released. Multi step process
Why is G<0?
negative value means initial state has to have a high free energy than products.
A large delta G or many small Delta G
