Chapter 8 Learning Curve

Question 1

Who was the Queen Mother of the West during the Tang dynasty?

Answer 1

Daoist deity worshipped throughout China

Question 2

What happened in the mid-700s C.E. that gave Confucian opponents of Buddhism the upper hand?

Answer 2

An Lushan led a serious rebellion against the Tang dynasty.

Question 3

Buddhism heavily influenced the development of which of these technologies?

Answer 3

Printing

Question 4

Which period of Chinese history saw a great love for the “western barbarians,” including the adoption of new religions, fashions, and art?

Answer 4

Tang Dynasty

Question 5

Which tradition of Buddhism predominated in China?

Answer 5

Mahayana

Question 6

Japan’s deep borrowing from China occurred

Answer 6

voluntarily

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of Vietnamese rulers after the region secured its independence from China?

Answer 7

They claimed the Mandate of Heaven.

Question 8

When did Chinese papermaking techniques developed during the Han dynasty arrive in Christian Western Europe?

Answer 8

1300s C.E.

Question 9

Murasaki Shikibu’s great novel of c. 1000 C.E., which describes Japanese court life, is called

Answer 9

The Tale of Genji

Question 10

Which of the following was a feature of the tribute system during the Song dynasty in China?

Answer 10

Tributary ambassadors frequently returned home with gifts worth more than the tribute paid to the Chinese authorities.

Question 11

This branch of Buddhism, which became very popular in China, emphasizes salvation by faith without study or intensive meditation.

Answer 11

Pure Land

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes relations between China and Korea in the period 500-1300 C.E.?

Answer 12

At first the Chinese attempted conquest, but soon withdrew their military forces in favor of a tributary relationship with an independent Korea.

Question 13

What is the most important factor that caused Japanese women to begin to lose status in the twelfth century and later?

Answer 13

The rise of samurai culture emphasized warrior virtues and relationships between warriors and their lords.

Question 14

Which of the following factors made China the most commercialized economy in the world during the Tang and Song dynasties?

Answer 14

Growing use of paper money

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between China and the northern nomads in the period 500-1300?

Answer 15

Each society needed the products of the other.

Question 16

The Silla kingdom brought political unity for the first time to which country in the seventh century C.E.?

Answer 16

Korea

Question 17

Which of the following was an important Chinese invention during the Tang and Song dynasties?

Answer 17

Gun powder

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the impact that Chinese culture had on Korean women after 1300 C.E.?

Answer 18

It had an overwhelmingly negative impact on women.

Question 19

What happened to Buddhism at the local level in China following its persecution by imperial authorities in the ninth century C.E.?

Answer 19

The Buddha became one element among many in local Chinese devotions.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of the steppe nomads during the Tang and Song dynasties?

Answer 20

They were generally not interested in actually conquering and ruling China.

Question 21

What impact did the Indian Ocean trade have on southern China?

Answer 21

The economy of southern China became more heavily based on producing goods for export.

Question 22

Which of the following statements best describes the Japanese belief system later known as Shinto?

Answer 22

Popular beliefs and practice focused on sacred spirits associated with human ancestors and natural phenomena

Question 23

Which of the following distinguished Vietnam’s encounter with China from Korea’s?

Answer 23

Vietnam was fully incorporated into the Chinese state for more than a thousand years.

Question 24

Which of following distinguished Vietnam’s encounter with China from Korea’s?

Answer 24

Vietnam was fully incorporated into the Chinese state for more than a thousand years.

Question 25

Despite the state's periodic efforts, what trend in agricultural production continued during the Tang and Song dynasties?

Answer 25

Powerful aristocratic families continued to take over the small holdings of peasants.

Question 26

What caused the Chinese to develop the frontier region south of the Yangzi River?

Answer 26

A new, drought-resistant strain of rice from Vietnam was introduced in China.

Question 27

Which Chinese general of foreign origin led a major revolt against the Tang dynasty between 755 and 763 C.E.?

Answer 27

An Lushan

Question 28

What allowed the population of the Yangzi River region to grow rapidly and overtake the traditional centers of Chinese civilization further north?

Answer 28

Arrival of new strains of drought-resistant rice from Vietnam

Question 29

Which of the following countries produced the world's first printed books?

Answer 29

China

Question 30

What is the significance of the Uighur people in Chinese history?

Answer 30

They were nomadic peoples who rescued the Tang dynasty from serious internal revolt in the 750s C.E.

Question 31

Which of the following statements best describes merchants in southern China under the Tang and Song dynasties?

Answer 31

They achieved a degree of social acceptance not known before.

Question 32

Which of the following statements best describes Buddhist monasteries in China?

Answer 32

They provided an array of social services to ordinary people.

Question 33

What was a long-term impact of the Chinese commercial revolution on people in other parts of the Indian Ocean world?

Answer 33

It impacted on how many earned their livings.

Question 34

Which of the following was a factor in fueling growing resentment of Buddhism among some in China?

Answer 34

Belief that the Buddhist establishment posed a potential threat to the imperial government

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the Chinese tribute system in practice with the steppe nomads?

Answer 35

The Chinese were not always able to dictate the terms of their relationship with the steppe nomads through the tribute system.

Question 36

What is the significance of the Jin or Jurchen peoples?

Answer 36

They were nomadic peoples who established a state that included much of the steppes as well as parts of northern China.

Question 37

How did Vietnam's use of the civil service exam system differ from Korea's?

Answer 37

More so than Korea, Vietnam's exam system created a merit-based scholar-gentry class.

Question 38

What positive development for women occurred during the Song dynasty?

Answer 38

Women secured greater property rights.

Question 39

What reason do scholars give for Europe driving the gunpowder revolution much further and faster than China where gunpowder was invented?

Answer 39

The highly competitive European state system drove the revolution.

Question 40

What was the Censorate in Tang and Song dynasty China?

Answer 40

Government agency that exercised surveillance over the rest of government

Question 41

Which of the following statements best describes the Chinese conception of time before the arrival of Buddhism?

Answer 41

In China, time was usually thought of in terms of finite family generations and dynastic cycles.

Question 42

What critical development bound the kingdom of China more closely together than ever before during the Tang and Song China?

Answer 42

Network of internal waterways

Question 43

Which dynasty reunified China in 589 C.E. after centuries of political fragmentation?

Answer 43

Sui

Question 44

Which of the following was a complaint leveled by southern Chinese against their northern counterparts' nomadic traditions around 800 C.E.?

Answer 44

The northerners drank yogurt rather than tea.

Question 45

Which of the following was a factor in fueling growing resentment of Buddhism among some in China?

Answer 45

Envy of the monks' enormous wealth

Question 46

Which of the following statements best describes the Chinese concept of the "middle kingdom" in Song dynasty China?

Answer 46

China was the center of the world and infinitely superior to the barbarian peoples beyond its borders.

Question 47

What reason do scholars give for Europe driving the gunpowder revolution much further and faster than China where gunpowder was invented?

Answer 47

The highly competitive European state system drove the revolution.

Question 48

What did China hope to gain by establishing the tribute system with its neighbors?

Answer 48

Recognition in the region that China was the preeminent political power

Question 49

Which of the following was an important distinguishing feature of Korean as compared to Chinese society around 1100 C.E.?

Answer 49

About one-third of Korean society was made up of slaves.

Question 50

Which statement best describes the economy of Tang and Song China?

Answer 50

The Chinese economy was the world's largest.

Question 51

In which century did the imperial government move to suppress Buddhism in China?

Answer 51

800s C.E.

Question 52

Which of the following factors made China the most commercialized economy in the world during the Tang and Song dynasties?

Answer 52

Growing use of paper money

Question 53

In which cultural area did Chinese influence in Korea extend beyond the elite to the main populace?

Answer 53

Buddhism

Question 54

Which of the following statements best describes Chinese influence on the peoples of the steppes?

Answer 54

The steppe peoples kept their own culture.

Question 55

Which of the following was an important factor that allowed Buddhism to take root in China after 200 C.E.?

Answer 55

Political disorder discredited Confucian thinking in China.

Question 56

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Tang and Song civil service examination system on established aristocratic families?

Answer 56

A substantial percentage of positions still went to the sons of aristocrats.

Question 57

Which is the correct definition of "Xiongnu"?

Answer 57

Early nomadic confederacy that was a serious threat to China

Question 58

Who did the Silla ally with to bring some political unity for the first time to the Korean peninsula in the seventh century C.E.?

Answer 58

Tang dynasty China

Question 59

Which of the following statements best describes the reception of Buddhism in China during the Han dynasty?

Answer 59

It held little appeal to native Chinese and remained largely confined to outsiders.

Question 60

In comparison to the Song dynasty, Tang dynasty women in northern China led

Answer 60

less restricted lives.

Question 61

About how many Buddhist monks and nuns in China were forced to return to normal life in the 840s C.E. as a consequence of imperial orders?

Answer 61

More than 250,000

Question 62

What is an important difference between the religious history of Europe and China?

Answer 62

In China Buddhism became assimilated into Chinese culture alongside other traditions, in Europe Christianity triumphed over all other traditions.

Question 63

What act by the Sui emperor Wendi (r. 581-604 C.E.) identified Buddhism with traditional Chinese culture?

Answer 63

He had Buddhist monasteries built at the base of China's five sacred mountains.

Question 64

Which of the following placed Buddhist beliefs at odds with Chinese understandings of the world?

Answer 64

Buddhism's concern for individual salvation or enlightenment

Question 65

Which of the following statements best describes women in Song China?

Answer 65

Patriarchal restrictions on women tightened in this period.

Question 66

What was the only large-scale cultural borrowing in Chinese history before Marxism in the twentieth century?

Answer 66

Buddhism

Question 67

What did the founders of both the Sui and Tang dynasties share?

Answer 67

Both were from mixed nomads and Chinese ancestry.

Question 68

How did the educated elite in China view trade with the rest of the world during the Song dynasty?

Answer 68

China did not require trade, but rather sanctioned it to radiate civilization to barbarian peoples.

Question 69

How did the Chinese tribute system work?

Answer 69

Chinese emperors demanded ritual submission from foreigners, in return granting trade privileges and gifts that were frequently worth more than the foreigners paid in tribute.

Question 70

In China, how was the Indian concept of dharma translated?

Answer 70

Dao