Chapter 8 Memory Flashcards
(43 cards)
Memory
Learning that persists over time/Information that has been acquired stored and can be retrieved
Happens via - Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
Recall
Memory that requires retrieval of previously learned information (e.g. a fill in the blank test)
Recognition
Memory that requires recognizing something previously learned (e.g. a multiple choice test)
Relearning
Memory that is assessed by how much time is saved when learning information a second time
Encoding
Getting information into memory system
Storage
Retaining information that was encoded in memory
Retrieval
Accessing stored memory information
Parallel Processing
Processing multiple aspects of a problem at the same time
Sensory Memory
Brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Short-Term Memory
Memory that hold few items briefly before forgetting (e.g. phone number right before calling)
Long-Term Memory
Permanent storehouse of memory system
Working Memory
New and improved short-term memory, adds active processing of sensory information mixed with information from long-term memory
Explicit Memory
Retention of facts and experiences on a conscious level
Effortful Processing
Encoding that requires conscious effort
Automatic Processing
Unconscious processing of incidental information
Implicit Memory
Retention of learned skills independent of conscious recollection
Iconic Memory
A fleeting visual memory lasting only a few seconds
Echoic Memory
A fleeting auditory memory lasting only a few seconds
Chunking
Organizing information into familiar manageable units
Mnemonics
Memory aids (using imagery and organization)
Spacing Effect
Distributing study or practice over time results in better long term retention
Testing Effect
Enhanced memory from testing, being forced to retrieve the information rather than just re-reading
Shallow Processing
Encoding on a basic level (structure/appearance of words)
Deep Processing
Encoding semantically (Based on the meaning of words)(Yields better results)
