Chapter 8: Physiology of marine primary organisms

Question 1

Diatom

Answer 1

unicellular algae found in phyto plankton

• silicia skeletons

Question 2

Dinoflagellate

Answer 2

unicellular alage found in phytoplantkton

• two flagella

Question 3

Cyanobacteria

Answer 3

photosyn bacteria found in marine + fresh water

Question 4

Chloroplasts

Answer 4

photosyn cell organelle found in eurkaryotes

Question 5

Enzyme

Answer 5

protein that acts as catalyst in chem react

Question 6

Endosymbiosis

Answer 6

theory where chloroplasts were independent photosyn bacteria taken in by other cells

Question 7

Primary pigment

Answer 7

photo pignment directly involved w/ photo

Question 8

Chlorophyll A+B

Answer 8

green pigments that capture light in algae + plants

• absorb little green

Question 9

Accessory pigment

Answer 9

non essential pigment to photo but absorb diff wavelengths + pass energy to other pigm

• absorb yellow + green light
• increase photo rate of red + brown algae w/out red light

Question 10

Carotenoid

Answer 10

yellow, orange, red accessory pigm

-absorb little green

Question 11

Xanthophyll

Answer 11

yellow, brown accessory pigm

Question 12

Absorption spectrum

Answer 12

Amount of light each wavelength absorbs

Question 13

Action spectrum

Answer 13

effect of diff wavelengths on photo rate

Question 14

Light penetration factors

Answer 14

• wavelength

- turbidity= amount of particulate matter

Question 15

Blue light

Answer 15

penetrates deepest in ocean @ 200 m

Question 16

Red light

Answer 16

penetrates least in ocean @ 10 km

-producers below 10 km recieve blue + green

Question 17

Turbidity

Answer 17

Cloudiness + clarity of water due to sediments, particles, organs.

• reduces light penetr

Estuarine + coastal areas vs oceans –> more turbidity= less light

Question 18

Secchi disc

Answer 18

disc attached to rope to measure length of turbidity

Question 19

Euphotic zone

Answer 19

upper layer w/ high light penetr

• 200 m clear + 5 turbid
• Producers photo

Question 20

Disphotic/twilight zone

Answer 20

low intensity blue light

• 15 m high turbid + 1000 m clear water
• No producers

Question 21

Aphotic zone

Answer 21

less than 1% surface light reaches

• Producers chemo

Question 22

Photosynthesis

Answer 22

6 Co2 + 6 H2o –> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2

• builds up glucose (light ener)
• glucose –> starch + protein = storage + growth

Question 23

Respiration

Answer 23

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 Co2 + 6 H2o

• releases ener (glucose) for active processes –> oxidation

Question 24

Gross primary productivity (GPP)

Answer 24

total ener fixed by plant into chem compund via photo

-not all for growth –> respir (R)

Question 25

Net primary productivity (NPP)

Answer 25

ener fixed into chem compund + used for growth NPP = gross primary produc - respir - Photo must exceed respir - Euphotic --> Positive NPP = growth - Disphotic --> Negative NPP = no grwoth - Photo = respir --> compensation pt + no net glucose prod - Respiration typically higher

Question 26

Limiting factors = photo

Answer 26

- light intens - light wavelength - temp - carbon dioxide concen affect marine organ distribut

Question 27

Maximum photo

Answer 27

- sufficient light intense - approp wavelength - warm temp - sufficient carbon dioxid + water

Question 28

Light intensity

Answer 28

provides ener for photo - chlorophyll absorb light - combine Co2 + water = glucose - higher intense --> faster photo = increasing oxygen

Question 29

Light wavelength

Answer 29

Pigm present lead to wavelength absorb - most absorb green - many contain accessory pigm (phyco + xantho) --> absorb addition wavelengths

Question 30

Temperature

Answer 30

kinetic energy increases --> temp rises -faster moving particles collide more --> faster photo - temp rising too high --> denatured enzymes - enzymes combine Co2 + H2o - slows react =0

Question 31

Carbon dioxide + water concentr

Answer 31

water not limiting factor -essential raw materials -Little supply --> reduce photo -Abundant supply --> increase photo collide w/ enzymes

Question 32

Denaturation

Answer 32

loss of shape in enzymes --> activity loss due to high temp heating