Chapter 8: Psychosocial Development In Early Childhood Flashcards
(63 cards)
What is Self-Concept?
Our total picture of our abilities and traits
Cognitive construction
What is Cognitive Construction?
A system of descriptive and evaluated representations about the self that determines how we feel about ourselves and guide our action
What is Self-Definition?
Cluster of characteristics used to describe oneself
What is the 5 to 7 Shift?
Psychosocial Changes that occur between the ages 5 to 7
What specific changes make up the age 5 to 7 shift?
Single Representations
Representational Mappings
Representational Systems
What is Single Representations?
Statements about the child’s self are one-dimensional
Thinking jumps from particular to particular without logical connections
Cannot imagine having two emotions at the same time
Thinking about himself is all or nothing
Cannot acknowledge that his real self is not the same as his ideal self
What is Real Self?
The self one actually is
What is Ideal Self?
The self one would like to be
What is the Representational Mapping?
When he begins to make logical connections between one aspect of himself and another
What are Representational Systems?
When children begin to integrate specific features of the self into a general multidimensional concept
Self-descriptions become more balanced and realistic
What is Self-Esteem?
The Self-evaluative part of the self-concept
Judgment children make about their overall worth
What happens to children whose self-esteem is contingent on success?
They may view failure or criticism asa ana indictment of their worth and may feel helpless to do better
They may interpret failure as a sign of being bad
They tend to become demoralized when they fail
They attribute poor performance or social rejection o their personality deficiencies
What happens during Erikson’s third stage in psychosocial development?
Children balance the urge to pursue goals with reservations about doing so
Marks a split between two parts of the personality: the part that remains a child and the part that is becoming an adult
What is the third stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development?
Initiative Vs. Guilt
Virtue: Purpose
What is the virtue of Purpose?
The courage to envision and pursue goals without being unduly inhibited by guilt or fear of punishment
What is Gender Identity?
It is the awareness of one’s femaleness or maleness and all it implies in one’s society of origin
What are Gender Differences?
Psychological or behavioral differences between males and females
What are Gender Roles?
Behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and traits that a culture considers appropriate for each sex; these differ for males and females
What are the perspectives on Gender Development?
Biological - many or most behavioral differences bettween sexes can be traced to biological differences
Evolutionary - Children develop gender roles in preparation for adult mating and reproductive behavior
Psychoanalytic - Gender identity occurs when the child identifies with same-sex parent
Gender Schema Theory - Child organizes information about what is considered appropriate for a boy/girl on the basis of what the culture dictates and behaves accordingly
Social Learning - Child mentally combines observations of gendered behavior and creates own behavioral variations
What is Gender-Typing?
Socialization process whereby children, at an early age, learn appropriate gender roles
What are Gender Stereotypes?
Preconceived generalizations about male or female behavior
What is the Theory of Sexual Selection?
Darwin’s theory that gender roles developed in response to men’s and women’s differing reproductive needs
What is Identification?
In Freudian theory, the process by which a young child adopts characteristics, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors of the parent of the same sex.
What s Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory?
Kohlberg’s Cognitive Developmental Theory
