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Chapter 8 Biology > Chapter 8 QUESTIONS > Flashcards

Chapter 8 QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

How is the energy that cells use stored?

A

Chemical bonds found in food

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2
Q

What is the energy that is needed to start chemical reactions called

A

Activation energy

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3
Q

What is the end product of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen, glucose and water

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4
Q

Reactions that requires energy to keep them going are called?

A

Endergonic reactions

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5
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

The use of chemichals (organic & or inorganic) to produce their own food. It is only for autotrophs that do not receive sunlight

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6
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compunds. It happens in heterotrophs

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7
Q

End product of celular respiration

A

Water vapor and carbon dioxide

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8
Q

Where does the most production of oxygen happens?

A

The ocean

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9
Q

What lowers the amount of energy needed to start a reaction?

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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11
Q

The first source of energy for the animals comes from…

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

The first source of energy for the planet comes from…

A

The Sun

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13
Q

What is ATP made out of?

A

Adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates

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14
Q

Parts of photosynthesis

A

Light reaction (Light dependent reaction, the day reaction) and the Calvin Cycle (Light independent reaction, the dark reaction, the night reaction)

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15
Q

How does ATP provide energy?

A

By transferring its 3rd phosphate group

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16
Q

Procesess of Cellular respiration

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Krebs Cycle
  3. Electron Transport Chain
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17
Q

What is the end product of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid

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18
Q

How is a glucose molecule activated?

A

By receiving a phosphate groups

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19
Q

How do ATP, ADP and AMP differ?

A

By the amount of phosphate groups

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20
Q

The ATP-ADP cycle can be compared to what?

A

A battery that recharges itself

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21
Q

In photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into what?

A

Chemical energy

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22
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy for cells?

A

The sun

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23
Q

What is the main function of chlorophyll?

A

Trap sunlight

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24
Q

Besides chlorophyll, enzymes and sunlight, what are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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25
What are the main products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen
26
The rate of photosynthesis is affected by?
Amount of raw materials. light intensity and temperature
27
At extreme temperatures why does photosynthesis decrease?
Enzyme's activity is lessened
28
The portion of light the human eye can perceive is called?
The visible spectrum
29
Packets of light energy are called?
Photons
30
What colors of light provide most energy for photosynthesis?
Violet-blue and red
31
Substances that absorb light are called?
Pigments
32
What type of chlorophyll do plants contain?
A and B
33
When light strikes a chlorophyll molecule what provides the energy?
Excited electrons
34
What are the 2 other pigments found in plant cells (and their color)?
Xanthophylls (yellow) and Carotenes (orange)
35
What is grana?
Place where photosynthesis begins (stacks of disc like sacs)
36
What is stroma?
Fluid inside the chloroplast
37
What are the 2 phases of photosynthesis?
Light reactions and dark reactions (Light dependent reactions nad Calvin Cycle)
38
Can dark reactions occur in the presence of light?
Yes
39
What does sunlight do to electrons?
Makes them have a higher energy level
40
When energized electrons move from one molecule to another releasing energy, what is this called?
Electron transport chain
41
Energy released by electrons is used to?
Build ATP
42
What happens to the oxygen obtained from breaking the water molecule?
Released into the atmosphere
43
Dark reactions use ATP energy and the hydrogen acceptor to form?
Glucose
44
The carbon for the glucose comes from?
Carbon dioxide
45
Where does the dark phase take place?
Stroma
46
The dark phase is also called the?
Calvin cycle
47
What is RDP?
A 5 carbon sugar
48
What does RDP mean?
Ribulose diphosphate
49
What do RDP and carbon dioxide produce?
Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
50
PGA and hydrogen react to produce?
Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
51
Where does this hydrogen come from?
Light reactions
52
PGAL is used primarily to make more?
RDP
53
How many molecules of PGAL are used to make glucose?
2
54
How do plants store excess glucose?
As starch
55
What is the function of a potato?
To store large amounts of starch
56
Name two other molecules formed by plants from glucose?
Sucrose and cellulose
57
In cellular respiration, chemical bonds are broken to obtain?
Energy to be used by cells
58
Who produces the "food molecules"?
Plant cells
59
Glycolysis breaks glucose to produce?
2 molecules of pyruvic acid
60
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
61
How many full molecules of ATP does glycolysis produce per glucose molecule?
2
62
Why is glycolysis ANAEROBIC?
It doesn't require oxygen
63
After glycolysis if there is oxygen, pyruvic acid is broken down more and produces...
More ATP
64
After glycolysis if there is NOT any oxygen, pyruvic acid is broken down more and produces...
Ethyl alcohol or lactic acid
65
What is the previous process called?
Fermentation
66
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Combining hydrogen and pyruvic acid to form ethyl alcohol
67
In what kind of cells does lactic acid fermentation take place?
Animal muscle cells
68
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
Inside the mitochondria
69
What are the reactants of areobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
70
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water and energy
71
How many molecules of ATP are produced by aerobic respiration including glycolysis?
38
72
What is the main product of Pyruvic acid conversión?
Acetyl CoA
73
What is the main molecule used in Krebs Cycle?
Citric acid
74
How much ATP is obtained from one Krebs cycle?
2 ATP
75
Where does the energy for the formation of ATP come from?
The electron transport chain
76
How many Hydrogen atoms are involved?
24
77
How many ATP molecules does the electron transport chain produce per glucose molecule?
34

Chapter 8 Biology (3 decks)

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