Chapter 8 Reactions

Question 1

Addition reactions of alkenes: Addition of HCl, HBr, and HI.

Markovnikov regiochemistry occurs, with H adding to the less highly substituted alkene carbon and halogen adding to the more highly substitutued carbon.

Answer 1

Question 2

Addition reactions of alkenes: Addition of halogens Cl2 an Br2.

Anti addition is observed through a halonium ion intermediate.

Answer 2

Question 3

Addition reactions of alkenes: Halohydrin formation.

Markovnikov regiochemistry and anti steriochemistry occur.

Answer 3

Question 4

Addition reactions of alkenes: Addition of water by oxymercurartion-demercuration.

Markovnikov regiochemistry occurs.

Answer 4

Question 5

Addition reactions of alkenes: Addition of water by hydroboration-oxidation.

Non-markovnikov syn addition occurs.

Answer 5

Question 6

Addition reactions of alkenes: Catalytic hydrogenation.

Syn addition occurs.

Answer 6

Question 7

Addition reactions of alkenes: Epoxidation with peroxyacid.

Syn addition occurs.

Answer 7

Question 8

Addition reactions of alkenes: Hydroxylation with OsO4

Syn addition occurs.

Answer 8

Question 9

Addition of carbenes to yield cyclopropanes: Dichlorocarbene addition.

Answer 9

Question 10

Addition of carbenes to yield cyclopropanes: Simmons-Smith reaction.

Answer 10

Question 11

Hydroxylation by acid-catalyzed epoxide hydrolysis.

Anti steriochemistry occurs.

Answer 11

Question 12

Oxidation cleavage of alkenes: Reactions with ozone followed by zinc in acetic acid.

Answer 12

Question 13

Oxidation cleavage of alkenes: Reaction with KMnO4 in acidic solution.

Answer 13

Question 14

Cleavage of 1,2-diols.

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Addition reactions of alkenes: Addition of HCl, HBr, and HI.

Markovnikov regiochemistry occurs, with H adding to the less highly substituted alkene carbon and halogen adding to the more highly substitutued carbon.

Question 16

Answer 16

Addition reactions of alkenes: Addition of halogens Cl2 an Br2.

Anti addition is observed through a halonium ion intermediate.

Question 17

Answer 17

Addition reactions of alkenes: Halohydrin formation.

Markovnikov regiochemistry and anti steriochemistry occur.

Question 18

Answer 18

Addition reactions of alkenes: Addition of water by oxymercurartion-demercuration.

Markovnikov regiochemistry occurs.

Question 19

Answer 19

Addition reactions of alkenes: Addition of water by hydroboration-oxidation.

Non-markovnikov syn addition occurs.

Question 20

Answer 20

Addition reactions of alkenes: Catalytic hydrogenation.

Syn addition occurs.

Question 21

Answer 21

Addition reactions of alkenes: Epoxidation with peroxyacid.

Syn addition occurs.

Question 22

Answer 22

Addition reactions of alkenes: Hydroxylation with OsO4

Syn addition occurs.

Question 23

Answer 23

Addition of carbenes to yield cyclopropanes: Dichlorocarbene addition.

Question 24

Answer 24

Addition of carbenes to yield cyclopropanes: Simmons-Smith reaction.

Question 25

Answer 25

Hydroxylation by acid-catalyzed epoxide hydrolysis. Anti steriochemistry occurs.

Question 26

Answer 26

Oxidation cleavage of alkenes: Reactions with ozone followed by zinc in acetic acid.

Question 27

Answer 27

Oxidation cleavage of alkenes: Reaction with KMnO4 in acidic solution.

Question 28

Answer 28

Cleavage of 1,2-diols.