Chapter 8 test Flashcards
(23 cards)
External Respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the lungs.
Internal Respiration
The exchange of gases within the body tissues, where oxygen is delivered and carbon dioxide is removed.
Cellular Respiration
When the cells use oxygen to generate energy in the mitochondria of the cell.
Conductive Zone
Composed of structures that transport filtered air into the lungs, and filters air in with each breath. (mouth, nose, larynx, trachea, primary and secondary bronchi, tertiary and terminal bronchioles.
Respiratory Zone
Composed of structures that help with gas exchange. (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs) r
Inspiration
Contraction of the diaphragm (flattens) and the intercostal muscles, Thoracic cavity expands and air rushes back to the lungs to restore balance.
Expiration
Alveolar sacs recoil as diaphragm relaxes along with the intercostal muscles, thoracic cage reduces, air is released from the lungs and the lung pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure.
Ventilation
The volume of air moved by the lungs in one minute. Influenced by tidal volume and respiratory frequency.
Tidal Volume
Volume of air in each breath
Respiratory frequency
Number of breaths taken per minute
Inspiratory centre
15-20 breaths per minute at rest
Expiratory centre
It makes sure the inspiratory muscles never relax, and allows for forceful expiration to happen during exercise.
Pneumotaxic and apneustic centres
Ensures smooth transition of inhalation and exhalation, and fine tunes the breathing pattern.
Static lung volume
Determined by the actual structure or the heart. The total lung capacity, the vital capacity, and the residual volume.
Total lung capacity
The total amount of air the lungs can hold and the sum of the vital capacity
Vital Capacity
The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
Residual Volume
The air that stays in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
Dynamic lung volume
Dependant on volume as well as movement and flow of air.
Diffusion
The movement of gas, solid, and liquid from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion pathway
The path that transfers gases from the lungs, to the blood, then to the body tissues and back.
Oxygen transport
Oxygen is dissolved within the plasma and binds to hemoglobin
Carbon dioxide transport
Carbon dioxide is dissolved within the plasma and binds to hemoglobin, and bicarbonate system.
