Chapter 8: The impact of information Technology on Society Flashcards
artificial intelligence systems
The people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that can simulate human intelligence processes, including learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach conclusions), and self-correction (using the outcome from one scenario to improve its performance on future scenarios).
clinical decision support (CDS)
A process and a set of tools designed to enhance healthcare-related decision making through the use of clinical knowledge and patient-specific information to improve healthcare delivery.
computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system
A system that enables physicians to place orders (for drugs, laboratory tests, radiology, physical therapy) electronically, with the orders transmitted directly to the recipient.
electronic health record (EHR)
A comprehensive view of the patient’s complete medical history designed to be shared with authorized providers and staff from more than one organization.
electronic medical record (EMR)
A collection of health-related information on an individual that is created, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff within a single healthcare organization.
health information exchange (HIE)
The process of sharing patient-level electronic health information between different organizations.
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH)
A program to incentivize physicians and hospitals to implement such systems. Under this act, increased Medicaid and Medicare reimbursements are made to doctors and hospitals that demonstrate “meaningful use” of electronic health record (EHR) technology.
labor productivity
A measure of economic performance that compares the amount of goods and services produced (output) with the number of labor hours used in producing those goods and services.
live telemedicine
A form of telemedicine in which patients and healthcare providers are present at different sites at the same time; often involves a videoconference link between the two sites.
machine learning
A type of artificial intelligence (AI), involves computer programs that can learn some task and improve their performance with experience.
natural language processing
An aspect of artificial intelligence that involves technology that allows computers to understand, analyze, manipulate, and/or generate “natural” languages, such as English.
personal health record (PHR)
Information from the electronic health record (EHR) that are routinely shared with the patient—such as personal identifiers, contact information, health provider information, problem list, medication history, allergies, immunizations, and lab and test results.
remote monitoring
Also called home monitoring, it is the regular, ongoing, accurate measurement of an individual’s vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate) and other health measures (e.g., glucose levels for a diabetic) and the transmission of this data to a healthcare provider.
robotics
A branch of engineering that involves the development and manufacture of mechanical or computer devices that can perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or that are tedious or hazardous for human beings, such as painting cars or making precision welds.
store-and-forward telemedicine
The acquiring of data, sound, images, and video from a patient and then transmitting everything to a medical specialist for later evaluation.
