Chapter 8 vocab

Question 1

What is the definition of tissue?

Answer 1

A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Question 2

What is an organ?

Answer 2

A structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions.

Question 3

What is an organ system?

Answer 3

A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions necessary for life.

Question 4

What does homeostasis refer to?

Answer 4

The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 5

True or False: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

What is the role of aquaporins in cells?

Answer 6

Aquaporins are proteins that facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes.

Question 7

Define osmosis.

Answer 7

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Question 8

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 8

The jelly-like substance that fills the interior of a cell and contains organelles.

Question 9

What are organelles?

Answer 9

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The primary function of tissues is to _____ together to perform a particular function.

Answer 10

work

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an organ system? A) Circulatory B) Excretory C) Cytoplasm D) Nervous

Answer 11

C) Cytoplasm

Question 12

True or False: Homeostasis is only relevant to multicellular organisms.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is the effect of temperature on diffusion rates?

Answer 13

Increased temperature generally increases the rate of diffusion.

Question 14

Define the term ‘selectively permeable membrane.’

Answer 14

A membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others.

Question 15

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 15

The cell loses water and may shrivel due to osmosis.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The movement of water through aquaporins is an example of _____ transport.

Answer 16

facilitated

Question 17

What is the main function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 17

To provide a medium for biochemical reactions and to house organelles.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which organ system is responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen? A) Endocrine B) Respiratory C) Circulatory D) Digestive

Answer 18

C) Circulatory

Question 19

True or False: Osmosis only occurs in plant cells.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What is the significance of homeostasis in living organisms?

Answer 20

It is crucial for maintaining optimal conditions for enzyme activity and overall cellular function.

Question 21

Define ‘cell membrane.’

Answer 21

The barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

Question 22

What is the primary purpose of diffusion in cells?

Answer 22

To equalize concentrations of substances across membranes.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: Organs are made up of _____ that work together.

Answer 23

tissues

Question 24

What type of solution causes a cell to swell due to osmosis?

Answer 24

Hypotonic solution

Question 25

What are the two main types of tissues in animals?

Answer 25

Epithelial and connective tissues.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus

Answer 26

C) Mitochondria

Question 27

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Answer 27

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 28

True or False: Ribosomes can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Answer 29

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 30

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 31

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 31

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for storing nutrients and waste products?

Answer 32

Vacuole

Question 33

True or False: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 34

Lysosomes digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The _____ provides structural support and shape to the cell.

Answer 35

cytoskeleton

Question 36

What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 36

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Question 37

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

Answer 37

This question is not applicable; the mitochondria are known as the powerhouse, not the organelles listed.

Question 38

True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in detoxifying harmful substances.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 39

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, while smooth ER does not.

Question 40

What do lysosomes contain that aids in digestion?

Answer 40

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The _____ is involved in the transport of proteins to different parts of the cell.

Answer 41

Golgi apparatus

Question 42

What is the primary role of vacuoles in plant cells?

Answer 42

Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.

Question 43

True or False: The cytoskeleton is only present in animal cells.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids?

Answer 44

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

What is the role of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 45

Microtubules provide structural support and facilitate intracellular transport.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: Ribosomes are made up of _____ and proteins.

Answer 46

rRNA

Question 47

What is one function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 47

It is involved in the synthesis of proteins that are secreted from the cell.

Question 48

True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

What is the significance of lysosomal storage diseases?

Answer 49

They result from deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes, leading to the accumulation of toxic materials.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: The cytoskeleton is essential for _____, which is the movement of the cell.

Answer 50

cell motility

Question 51

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is primarily responsible for processing and packaging proteins?

Answer 51

Golgi apparatus

Question 52

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 52

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.

Question 53

True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Fill in the blank: The ________ is a rigid outer layer that provides structural support to plant cells.

Answer 54

cell wall

Question 55

What is the lipid bilayer?

Answer 55

The lipid bilayer is a double layer of phospholipids that forms the basic structure of cell membranes.

Question 56

What does selectively permeable mean?

Answer 56

Selectively permeable means that a membrane allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others.

Question 57

What is the primary role of mitochondria?

Answer 57

Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 58

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is involved in energy production? A) Chloroplast B) Ribosome C) Mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus

Answer 58

C) Mitochondria

Question 59

What are chloroplasts primarily composed of?

Answer 59

Chloroplasts are primarily composed of chlorophyll and other pigments.

Question 60

True or False: The cell wall is present in animal cells.

Answer 60

False

Question 61

What is the significance of the cell theory?

Answer 61

The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 62

Fill in the blank: The ________ is involved in the synthesis of ATP.

Answer 62

mitochondria

Question 63

What is the main component of the cell wall in plants?

Answer 63

The main component of the cell wall is cellulose.

Question 64

Short Answer: How do chloroplasts contribute to the carbon cycle?

Answer 64

Chloroplasts convert carbon dioxide into glucose during photosynthesis.

Question 65

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell wall? A) Providing structure B) Preventing water loss C) Energy production D) Protecting against pathogens

Answer 65

C) Energy production

Question 66

What is the role of the lipid layer in cellular membranes?

Answer 66

The lipid layer provides a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.

Question 67

True or False: All cells have a cell wall.

Answer 67

False

Question 68

What process occurs in chloroplasts?

Answer 68

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts.

Question 69

Fill in the blank: Mitochondria are often referred to as the ________ of the cell.

Answer 69

powerhouse

Question 70

What type of cells contain chloroplasts?

Answer 70

Plant cells contain chloroplasts.

Question 71

Multiple Choice: Which structure regulates what enters and exits the cell? A) Nucleus B) Cell wall C) Cell membrane D) Cytoplasm

Answer 71

C) Cell membrane

Question 72

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 72

The cell wall provides support and protection to the cell.

Question 73

Short Answer: Name one similarity between chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Answer 73

Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have double membranes and contain their own DNA.

Question 74

What is the process called by which mitochondria produce ATP?

Answer 74

Cellular respiration

Question 75

True or False: The lipid layer is impermeable to all substances.

Answer 75

False

Question 76

Fill in the blank: According to the cell theory, all cells arise from ________ cells.

Answer 76

pre-existing

Question 77

What is the primary pigment found in chloroplasts?

Answer 77

Chlorophyll

Question 78

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Answer 78

The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 79

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Answer 79

True

Question 80

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotes lack a __________.

Answer 80

nucleus

Question 81

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotes? A) No membrane-bound organelles B) DNA is circular C) Membrane-bound nucleus D) Smaller than prokaryotes

Answer 81

C) Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 82

Define a prokaryote.

Answer 82

A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.