Chapter 8.1 CNS

Question 1

How does the CNS contribute to homeostasis?

Answer 1

The CNS maintains homeostasis by receiving input from sensory neurons, integrating new and old info, making decisions, and causing motor activity

Question 2

What are some functions of the CNS?

Answer 2

Processes sensory info
Generates thought
Emotions
Memories
Stimulates muscles and glands to secrete

Question 3

What are the protective coverings of the spinal cord?

Answer 3

The meninges and the vertebrate

Question 4

Spinal Cord

Answer 4

A cylinder of nervous tissue that extends from the brain.

Question 5

How long is the spinal cord in adults?

Answer 5

45cm in length and 2cm in diameter

Question 6

Where is the spinal cord located?

Answer 6

w/in the vertebral canal of the vertebral column.

Question 7

Meninges

Answer 7

Tough, connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain

Question 8

What are the 3 spinal meninges?

Answer 8

Dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 9

Subarachnoid space

Answer 9

B/w the arachnoid mater and the pia mater which contains cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

Meningitis

Answer 10

Bacterial or viral infection that causes inflammation of the meninges

Question 11

Bacterial or viral is worse for meningitis

Answer 11

bacterial is worse, but there are vaccines. Viral goes away on its own in a couple of days

Question 12

How are spinal nerves named?

Answer 12

They are named based on the region of the vertebral column from which they emerge

Question 13

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 13

31

Question 14

_ cervical nerves
_ thoracic nerves
_ lumbar “
_ sacral “
_ coccygeal “

Answer 14

8
12
5
5
1

Question 15

How is a spinal nerve connected to the spinal cord?

Answer 15

By two bundles of axons called roots

Question 16

Dorsal root

Answer 16

Contains only sensory axons, which conduct action potentials from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, and organs to the CNS

Question 17

What does each dorsal root have?

Answer 17

A swelling called the dorsal root ganglion

Question 18

Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG)

Answer 18

The swelling of a dorsal root that contains the primary sensory neurons that transmit pain signals from the peripheral nerve to the CNS. Contains thousands of cell bodies

Question 19

Ventral root

Answer 19

axons of motor neurons

Question 20

Which root contains sensory neurons and which contains motor neurons?

Answer 20

DRG contains sensory neurons
Ventral root contains motor neurons

Question 21

Mixed nerve

Answer 21

DRG contains sensory neurons and Ventral root contains motor neurons

Question 22

White matter surrounds ___

Answer 22

inner core of grey matter

Question 23

White matter

Answer 23

bundles of myelinated axons of neurons

Question 24

Gray matter

Answer 24

unmyelinated axons of neurons, neuroglia, dendrites and cell bodies of neurons

Question 25

Neuroglia

Answer 25

supporting nerve cells

Question 26

Central Canal

Answer 26

Space in the center of gray matter that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and extends the length of the spinal cord

Question 27

The gray matter is subdivided into ___

Answer 27

horns

Question 28

What are the 3 horns

Answer 28

dorsal ventral lateral

Question 29

Dorsal gray horn

Answer 29

axons of incoming sensory neurons as well as cell bodies and axons of interneurons

Question 30

Ventral gray horns

Answer 30

cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that convey action potentials to skeletal muscles

Question 31

Where are the lateral gray horns located only?

Answer 31

Only in thoracic and and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Question 32

What kind of cell bodies do the lateral gray horns hold?

Answer 32

LGH contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons that convey action potentials to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 33

How is white matter subdivided?

Answer 33

Into 3 areas called columns Dorsal Ventral Lateral

Question 34

How does the spinal cord maintain homeostasis?

Answer 34

Two principal functions Action potential propagation and integration of information

Question 35

What are the highways of the spinal cord?

Answer 35

White matter

Question 36

Which matter receives and integrates

Answer 36

incoming and outgoing information