Chapter 9 10 11

Question 1

random change in the DNA due to errors in replication that occur without known cause

Answer 1

Spontaneous mutations

Question 2

result from exposure to known mutagens, physical (primarily radiation) or chemical agents that interact with DNA in a disruptive manner

Answer 2

Induced mutations

Question 3

addition, deletion, or substitution of a few bases

Answer 3

Point mutation

Question 4

causes change in a single amino acid

Answer 4

Missense mutation

Question 5

changes a normal codon into a stop codon

Answer 5

Nonsense mutation

Question 6

alters a base but does not change the amino acid

Answer 6

Silent mutation

Question 7

when a mutated gene reverses to its original base composition

Answer 7

Back-mutation

Question 8

when the reading frame of the mRNA is altered

Answer 8

Frameshift mutation

Question 9

Substance that causes mutation

Answer 9

Mutagen

Question 10

Cancer causing substance

Answer 10

Carcinogen

Question 11

Substance or chemical that causes mutation in embryos

Answer 11

Tetrogrn

Question 12

Cancer causing genes

Answer 12

Onco genes

Question 13

Fredrick Griffith

Answer 13

Change in phenotype with the mouse expirment

Question 14

Avery mcloud mccarty

Answer 14

Heat killed smooth strain and fractions it to 5 biological factors lipids carbohydrates proteins dna and rna and came to conclude dna is responsible for transformation

Question 15

Breaking and joining of two dna segments to form a new recombinant that will differ from either parent

Answer 15

Recombination

Question 16

Plasmid transfer from one bacteria to another bacteria

Answer 16

Conjugation

Question 17

Recombination of the plasmid and bacteria chromosome results in

Answer 17

HFr

Question 18

Gene transfer from one bacterium to another facilitated by viral vector virus

Answer 18

Transduction

Question 19

Viruses that infect bacteria

Answer 19

Bacteriphage

Question 20

The virus kills the host by lysis upon infection of host cells

Answer 20

Lyric cycle

Question 21

Viral genes that integrate into the host chromosome

Answer 21

Lysogenic cycle

Question 22

Stages of lytic cycle

Answer 22

Landing attachments penetration biosynthesis maturation release

Question 23

Gene transfer and mutation by transposable elements or tea spoons jumpin genes

Answer 23

Transposition

Question 24

Complementary dna usually made from a mRNA by the use of a enzyme known as reverse transcriptase

Answer 24

cDNA

Question 25

Makes complimentary dna from rna was isolated from hiv

Answer 25

Reverse transcriptase

Question 26

Method of generating many copies of dna cheaply in a lab from small original sample.

Answer 26

Pcr

Question 27

Involves cutting and joining dna pieces using enzymes with the intention of making many clones or copies of target dna

Answer 27

Gene cloning

Question 28

Chemicals that kill germs

Answer 28

Germicides

Question 29

Completely free of microbes

Answer 29

Sterile

Question 30

Reduction of germs on non living surfaces do not kill spores

Answer 30

Disinfection

Question 31

Chemicals used for reduction of pathogens on living tissue

Answer 31

Antiseptic

Question 32

Kills bacteria

Answer 32

Bacteriacidal

Question 33

Kills viruses

Answer 33

Viruscidal

Question 34

Stops fungal growth

Answer 34

Fungistatic

Question 35

Kills endospore

Answer 35

Sporcidal

Question 36

Techniques that prevent entry of microbes into sterile tissue

Answer 36

Asepsis

Question 37

Chemicals used for reduction of pathogen on non living surfaces or material

Answer 37

Disinfectants

Question 38

Hand washing as sanitation techniques

Answer 38

ignaz Semmelweis

Question 39

Time required to kill all microbes at a specified temp

Answer 39

Thermal death time

Question 40

Temp required to kill all microbes in ten min

Answer 40

Thermal death point

Question 41

Kills vegative cells but not endospore

Answer 41

Boiling

Question 42

Steam temperatures 121 under 15 psi

Answer 42

Autoclaving

Question 43

Not for heat sensitive items

Answer 43

Dry heat

Question 44

Removes microbes from liquid or air without killing them

Answer 44

Filters

Question 45

Causes ionization of radicals and or mutation of dna

Answer 45

Radiation

Question 46

Has the ability to penetrate deep under the surface

Answer 46

Ionizing radiation

Question 47

Non penetrating restricted to surfaces

Answer 47

Non ionizing

Question 48

The destruction, removal, or reduction in number of undesirable microbes

Answer 48

Decontamination

Question 49

The growth of microorganisms in the tissues

Answer 49

Sepsis

Question 50

Techniques that prevent the entry of microorganisms into sterile tissues

Answer 50

Asepsis

Question 51

Chemicals applied to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

Answer 51

Antiseptic

Question 52

freeze drying;

Answer 52

Lyophilization