Chapter 9-11

Question 1

• We generally define an empty three-dimensional form as a ____, while we generally define a solid form as a ___.


Answer 1

volume, mass

Question 2

_____ (forms that visually suggest nature or natural forces) create a very different effect than _____ based on cubes, spheres, and other simple volumes.

Answer 2

Organic forms, geometric forms

Question 3

____ appear stable and unmoving.


Answer 3

Static forms

Question 4

_____ imply movement.

Answer 4

Dynamic forms

Question 5

______ actually move.


Answer 5

Kinetic forms

Question 6

______ is one of the most useful. Uses parallel lines to define structural details. Useful to depict 3D form on a 2D surface.

Answer 6

Orthographic projection

Question 7

the artist uses a flat backing as a base for three-dimensional forms.

Answer 7

Relief

Question 8

is more three-dimensional.

Answer 8

Three-quarter work

Question 9

can be viewed from all sides.

Answer 9

Freestanding works

Question 10

is a large-scale outdoor installation.

Answer 10

Earthwork

Question 11

artwork is designed for and installed in a particular place.

Answer 11

Site-specific

Question 12

is a basic mark, such as a dot, a pebble, or a brushstroke.

Answer 12

Point

Question 13

___ is one of the most versatile elements. Can create it through:

Answer 13

Line

1. A series of adjacent points

2. A connection between points.

Question 14

refers to the line’s horizontal, vertical, or diagonal position.

Answer 14

Orientation

Question 15

refers to the implied movement of a line.

Answer 15

Direction

Question 16

a linear flow, can increase movement and accentuate form.


Answer 16

Continuity

Question 17

can connect, define, or divide a design.

Answer 17

Actual lines

Question 18

are created through mental rather than physical connections.


Answer 18

Implied lines

Question 19

is a three-dimensional form that has length and width but minimal thickness.

Answer 19

Plane

Question 20

refers to an enclosed area of three-dimensional space.

Answer 20

Volume

Question 21

or multifaceted volumes. Can create functional objects.

Answer 21

Polyhedra

Question 22

is a solid three-dimensional form.

Answer 22

Mass

Question 23

is the area within or around an area of substance.

Answer 23

Space

Question 24

refers to the visual or tactile quality of a form.

Answer 24

Texture

Question 25

that is, variations in light and dark) are our primary means of perceiving space. 

Answer 25

Vaues

Question 26

encompasses an entire space or setting. 

Answer 26

Ambient Light

Question 27

is localized and focused, like a spotlight on a singer. 

Answer 27

Directed Light

Question 28

based on its wavelength. (a color/shade)

Answer 28

Hue

Question 29

similarity, oneness, togetherness, or cohesion. 

Answer 29

Unity

Question 30

as difference. 


Answer 30

Variety

Question 31

is a unifying force created by the outer edge of a composition or by a boundary within a composition. 

Answer 31

Containment

Question 32

the distance between visual units

Answer 32

Proximity

Question 33

fluid connection among compositional parts 

Answer 33

Continuity

Question 34

occurs when we use the same visual element or effect any number of times within a composition. 

Answer 34

Repetition

Question 35

in an attempt to make sense of the world, our minds tend to connect fragmentary information into completed forms. 

Answer 35

Closure

Question 36

is a three-dimensional grid

Answer 36

Matrix

Question 37

the distribution of weight or force among visual units


Answer 37

Balance

Question 38

forms are mirrored on either side of a central axis

Answer 38

Symmetrical balance

Question 39

design elements extend out from a central point, like the spokes of a wheel.

Answer 39

Radial symmetry

Question 40

creates equilibrium among visual elements that do not mirror each other on either side of an axis. 

Answer 40

Asymmetrical balance

Question 41

commonly refers to the size of a forms hen compared with human size. 

Answer 41

Scale

Question 42

refers to the relative size of visual elements within an image. 

Answer 42

Proportion

Question 43

Is created when two or more forces operate in opositon. 


Answer 43

Contrast

Question 44

is a compositional device used to create emphasis. 

Answer 44

Focal point

Question 45

or break from the norm, can emphasize an idea. 

Answer 45

Anomaly

Question 46

can be defined as the organization of these multiple elements or effects into a deliberate pattern. 


Answer 46

Rhythm

Question 47

is created when we fuse together two or more materials of differing strengths. 

Answer 47

Composite

Question 48

(or endoskeleton) provides the internal structure that mammals and fish require. 

Answer 48

Skeleton

Question 49

provides the structure that insects, crabs, and lobsters use. 


Answer 49

Exoskeleton

Question 50

to increase building height while reducing mass

Answer 50

Flying buttress

Question 51

to create internal structure. 

Answer 51

Armature

Question 52

occurs when we push a material inward.

Answer 52

Compression

Question 53

occurs when we pull a material outward


Answer 53

Tension

Question 54

Direct pressure at one point causes a material to

Answer 54

Bend

Question 55

is a twisting motion

Answer 55

Torque

Question 56

can occur when we apply force to the opposite sides of a material

Answer 56

Shear

Question 57

the artwork is created from separate parts that have been connected, usually using glues, joints, stitching, or wields. 

Answer 57

Additive sculpture

Question 58

is one additive method (____ is art that is made by assembling disparate elements – often everyday objects – scavenged by the artist or bought specially. Pablo Picasso.)

Answer 58

Assemblage

Question 59

is an additive process that ceramics often use. 

Answer 59

Modeling

Question 60

the artist removes materials from a larger mass. 

Answer 60

Subtractive sculpture

Question 61

a liquid material is poured into a mold or extruded through a pipe and then allowed to harden.

Answer 61

Solidification