Chapter 9

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological herds or wants are met

Question 2

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 2

Activity directed towards achieving an external goal
Bc get money, get an A, get fame

Question 3

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 3

Activity directed towards satisfying internal values or demands
Bc want to learn, value others, value integrity

Question 4

Power of theory

Answer 4

Kurt Lewis “there is nothing so practical as a good theory”

Question 5

Unpublished George theory

Answer 5

We do things for one of three reason or combo of them
1. Brings pleasure or satisfaction
2. Accomplishes a desired goal
3. Action consisten with value system (that we choose not to violate)

Question 6

Greene Nisbett study

Answer 6

Two groups
One told to color for fun
Other told to color opportunities money
Six weeks later one colored w pleasure other wondered when got paid

Question 7

Jewish tailor

Answer 7

Decreasing pay every day, got mad and quit bc expecting hpsame high pay

Question 8

Instincts

Answer 8

Biologically determine and innate (natural) patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals

Question 9

Need

Answer 9

Requirement of something necessary for the survival of the organisms like food or water

Question 10

Animals

Answer 10

Behavior controlled by instincts

Question 11

Humans

Answer 11

Behavior guided by instincts
Cognitions can override instincts- cognitive control part of successful living
Cognitive control lacked by serial killers- want it, take it

Question 12

Can instinct ps be categorized

Answer 12

No bc produce names w/o explanation

Question 13

Drive reduction theory

Answer 13

Approach to motivation that assumes behavior rides from internal drives to push organism to satisfy physiological needs and reduce tension and arousal
Clark Hull

Question 14

Drive

Answer 14

Psychological tension and physical arousal when there is need that motivates organism to act to fulfill need and reduce tension

Question 15

Primary drives

Answer 15

Basic needs of humans
Hunger thirst

Question 16

Secondary drives

Answer 16

Acquired drives
Learned through experience or conditioning
Need for money or social approval- string of connections

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

Sigmund freud
Tendency of body to maintain steady state
Reduce tension

Question 18

David McClelland

Answer 18

Instinctual needs that vary hugely from one person to another
nAff (need for affiliation)
nPow (need for power)
nAch (need for achievement)

Question 19

Carol Dweck

Answer 19

Self-theory of motivation
Out self concept has a huge impact on one’s need for achievement
nAch lower if think stupid compared to if think smart

Question 20

Donal Hebb

Answer 20

Arousal theory
Optimal level of arousal explains both introversion-extroversion and peoples motivation to do certain activities
Sensation seeker is one who enjoys operating at a high level of arousal

Question 21

Introversion

Answer 21

Seek to reduce stimuli

Question 22

Extroversion

Answer 22

Seek to increase stimuli

Question 23

Incentive approaches

Answer 23

Theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to th en external stimulus and its rewarding properties
Win medal, gain respect, get money

Question 24

Humanistic approaches

Answer 24

Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs
Level must be met before achieving self actualization- seldom reached and sufficiently satisfied lower needs and achieved full human potential
Peak experiences: temporary self actualization

Question 25

Self determining theory

Answer 25

3 basic human needs Autonomy: need to be in control of one’s behavior Competence: need to master challenges in life Relatedness: need to be in a relationship with others All three required for satisfaction in life

Question 26

Causes of hunger

Answer 26

Physiological/hormonal: insulin (control fats, proteins, and carbs by increase glucose- blood sugar in blood stream) and leptin (hormone that signals hypothalamus that body has had enough food so reduces appetite Social: not to be rude w others, depression, ect

Question 27

BMI

Answer 27

Body mass index Common metric of underweight, acceptable weight, and overweight Less that 18.5 underweight 18.5-25 acceptable weight 25-30 overweight 30+ obese

Question 28

Obesity in Alabama

Answer 28

74% overweight/obese 34% overweight 39% obese Epidemic MS higher %

Question 29

Set point

Answer 29

Body tends to maintain a particular level of weight Set points change over time

Question 30

Metabolic rates

Answer 30

High metabolism resistant to weight gain Low metabolism likely to gain weight

Question 31

Ford nickel

Answer 31

Childhood patterns of eating continue in future lifetime pattern- ideal weight for life

Question 32

Charles Duhigg

Answer 32

Habits Certain consequence importantes, will make practices that cause certain consequences part of daily pattern

Question 33

Reduction of physical education

Answer 33

And elimination of all need for exertion through modern tech Eliminate need for any exercise

Question 34

Obesity factors

Answer 34

Heredity Hormones Overeating Fast food Carb/simple sugars Stress Low metabolism No exercise

Question 35

Weight loose techniques

Answer 35

Specific food at set time Emotional triggers Raw and natural Water Exercise

Question 36

Emotions

Answer 36

3 components Physiological arousal Inner awareness of feeling Behaviors that reveal feelings (facials)

Question 37

6 basic emotions

Answer 37

Happiness Disgust Sadness Anger Suprise Fear

Question 38

Theories of emotions

Answer 38

Common sense- feel fear James-Lange- physiological arousal, feel fear Connon-Bard- distinguish type of arousal, physiological arousal and feel fear simultaneously Lazarus cognitive mediational theory- appraisal of threat, feel fear

Question 39

Schachter-Singer

Answer 39

Stanley and Richard Physiological arousal -> cognitive interpretation -> feeling experienced Angry Confederate and goofy person Snarling dog is dangerous and that makes me afraid Psychological arousal and actual interpretation of arousal based on cues from environment must occur before emotion itself is experienced