Chapter 9-15 Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
She made her name with her “quickie” biographies
a 22-part series
A
Ida Tarbell
2
Q
target was JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER and the Standard Oil Company. In 1904, it was published as a book.
A
Ida Tarbell
3
Q
Was the most thoroughly researched piece of work of the muckraking era
A
Ida Tarbell’s History of the
Standard Oil Company
4
Q
“one of Mr. Rockefeller’s most impressive
characteristics is patience.”
A
An excerpt from McClure’s of Tarbell’s
famous piece
5
Q
Edward Bernays
A
Institutional Visionary of PR
6
Q
She was a muckracker
Got started with McClure’s Mag
22 part series on LIncoln
A
Ida Tarbell
7
Q
Reconstruction/Industrialism
Her father was forced out of business by Rockefeller: “They had never played fair, and that ruined their greatness for me.”
A
Ida Tarbell
8
Q
You must put in, if you would take out.”
A
An excerpt from McClure’s of Tarbell’s
famous piece
9
Q
He was like a general who, besieging a city surrounded by fortified hills, views from a balloon the whole great field, and sees how, this point taken, that must fall; this hill reached, that fort is
commanded.
A
An excerpt from McClure’s of Tarbell’s
famous piece
10
Q
And nothing was too small: the corner grocery in Browntown, the humble refining still on Oil Creek, the shortest
private pipe line.
A
An excerpt from McClure’s of Tarbell’s
famous piece
11
Q
Nothing, for little things grow.”
A
An excerpt from McClure’s of Tarbell’s
famous piece
12
Q
What happened? How? 1867: 1890: 1910: 1911:
A
1867: Formation of Standard Oil
1890: Sherman Anti-Trust Act
1910: Rockefeller’s net worth = 2.5% US economy
or (today)
$250,000,000,000
= 2 x Bill Gates’ in the 1998 anti-trust suit
1911: Standard Oil case (muckraker’s paradise)
13
Q
What decision lead to the breakup of Rockefeller’s company?
A
1911: Standard Oil case (muckraker’s paradise)
14
Q
Decision breaks up Rockefeller’s company into six main entities:
A
- Exxon
- Mobil
- Chevron
- Amoco
- Gulf
- Texaco
15
Q
She was so dedicated to her work that she risked being an outcast.
Not what you’d call a “feminist.”
A
Ida Tarbell
16
Q
“Tears are not a part of the journalistic capital. An editor … has no leisure for ‘feelings’ … When a woman enters journalism she must not put forward her femininity to such an extent as to demand that the habits of an office be changed on her account.”
A
Ida Tarbell
17
Q
When America’s leading writers were polled in 2000 to list the top 100 works of journalism in the 20th Century, ___________________________ ranked #5.
A
The History of the Standard Oil Company by Ida Tarbell
18
Q
And what did Rockefeller do after the Standard Oil Case?
A
He went into pr!
19
Q
Hired by Rockefeller after he decided to go into PR
A
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
20
Q
“The father of pr”
A
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
21
Q
Parker and Lee
1905
A
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
George Parker
22
Q
Parker and Lee forms partnership with George Parker (Democratic campaign manager) Clients include:
A
Rockefeller
- Pennsylvania Railroad
- Assistant to Red Cross during World War I
23
Q
Colorado coal miners strike Rockefeller family owns mines
+20 killed including women and children
A
Ludlow Massacre April 20, 1914
24
Q
Who sung a song about the “Ludlow Massacre?”
A
Woody Guthrie
25
Woody Guthrie
Sung a song about the Ludlow Massacre
26
Standard Oil has been trust busted, but it needs something more than just a press agent—_________
it needs to change
27
Rockefeller’s image rehabilitated through _________ efforts, as well as _________.
public relations,
| concessions to labor
28
Woodie Guthrie (how is he a source?)
He was there when the massacre happened and wrote a song about it.
29
One of Bernay’s clients:
| _____________ (book publishers) Early 1930s
Simon & Schuster
30
How did Bernay get Simon & Schuster to sell more books
Sell Bookshelves!!! if there's book shelves in every house people will want to fill them up.
31
“Torches of Freedom,” 1929 came from
Tobacco client of Edward Bernays
32
What did women start to do after “Torches of Freedom”
Smoking cigarettes
33
Why were cigarettes so big?
Cigarettes meant as symbols of manhood and importance of the society.
34
Torches of Freedom for women meant that
They were breaking social taboos set by men that only men could smoke cigarette.
35
___________________ has been described
as “the father of spin,” based on Propaganda and another central idea:
“The essence of democratic society” is the “engineering of consent”
Edward Bernays
36
Shot the lasting images of Spanish Civil War and the Second World War
Robert Capa
37
Robert Capa’s most famous pic
Spanish Republican at the moment he was shot.
38
Started the minimalist writing technique
Ernest Hemingway
39
The celebrated novelist covered the Spanish war for the North American Newspaper Alliance
Ernest Hemingway
40
The celebrated novelist covered the war for the North American Newspaper Alliance
Ernest Hemingway
41
“The Spanish Earth”
John Dos Passos , Ernest Hemingway, Joris Ivens
| also featuring Orson Welles
42
A documentary showing the struggle of the Spanish Republican government against a rebellion by ultra-right-wing forces led by Gen. Francisco Franco and backed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
“The Spanish Earth”
43
“Possibly the most powerful propaganda film ever made, Triumph of the Will is also, in retrospect, one of the most horrifying.” – NYTimes review
“Triumph of the Will”
44
1934: Nazi Nuremburg rally Leni Riefenstahl produces
“Triumph of the Will”
45
This couldn’t have been what Bernays had in mind, but it was the manifestation of converged media at the time.
“Triumph of the Will”
46
Journalist: London Tribune
Author: Homage to Catalonia Animal Farm 1984 (among others)
Essayist, Social Critic
George Orwell
47
Journalist: London Tribune
Author: Homage to Catalonia Animal Farm 1984 (among others)
Essayist, Social Critic
George Orwell
48
6) Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous. (Be a human)
An excerpt from “Politics and the English Language,” 1946.
| -George Orwell
49
Quite possibly the greatest piece of satire ever written (1964).
Animal Farm by George Orwell
50
Quite possibly the greatest piece of satire ever written.
Animal Farm by George Orwell
51
A Revolution gone wrong:
“All animals are created equal. Some are more equal than others ... Two legs good, four legs bad.”
1946“All animals are created equal. Some are more equal than others ... Two legs good, four legs bad.”
Animal Farm by George Orwell
52
Murrow in London (in the early days of the Battle of Britain)
“This is London.”
53
An excerpt from a famous Murrow (CBS) broadcast:
| “This ... is Trafalgar Square”
“This is London.”
54
“This ... is Trafalgar Square”
“This is London.”
55
Greatest piece of journalism in American History
| Narration of 6 stories of people that were at Hiroshima
The Hiroshima Issue of the New Yorker
56
The Hiroshima Issue of the New Yorker was written by
John Hersey
57
M.A.D.
Mutually Assured Destruction
58
The new-fangled (and costly) invention doesn’t catch on until after the war.
Television
59
Wanted CBS to be No. 1 in news and entertainment
| And he staged a raid worthy of WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST, hiring radio stars such as JACK BENNY
Paley
60
1941: CBS and NBC license ____________
commercial TV stations
61
1943: “stepchild of NBC”
ABC
62
First News broadcasts in
1948 after
63
___________ was the main TV advertisement. Oil also advertised
Tabaco
64
Usually ________ on tv broadcast for effect and bc cheap.
Smoked
65
Twin obsession of the 1950s
Domestic Communism & Rock n' Roll
66
Newspaper person that went into television
Ed Sullivan
67
CBS Variety Series June 20, 1948 - June 6, 1971
Ed Sullivan
68
Every Sunday night for more than 20 years, this homely newspaper columnist with peculiar diction and awkward gestures brought an incredible variety of entertainment into American homes.
Ed Sullivan
69
Elvis sings “Hound Dog” on
The Steve Allen Show, 1956 (NBC)
70
_______ first appearance on Sullivan: 1956 (CBS)
Elvis
71
“The Wasit-up” Show
1957: Elvis
72
Another important transition from CBS radio to CBS TV:
| Murrow’s decision to _______
enter the world of television in the 1950s soon gave the new medium credibility
73
First to do- In depth reporting, feature stories
“See it Now” - Murrow
74
The key player and assistant. Roy Cohn
Joeseph McCarthy
75
Was an artist of press manipulation (Senator, Wisconsin)
Joseph McCarthy
76
Announced list of “hundreds” of communist infiltrators in government, public institutions, and HOLLYWOOD, and promised to disclose names but never did.
Joseph McCarthy
77
He staged press conferences . . .
Joseph McCarthy
78
He staged press conferences . . .
McCarthy
79
Some of the great screenwriters of the time, including DALTON TRUMBO and RING LARDNER Jr., were called to testify.
The Hollywood 10
80
Outed people in Hollywood. (wrongly banished? or a traitor?)
Elia Kazan
81
Actors _____________ and ____________ lead the parade of actors in Washington to protest McCarthy’s tactics.
HUMPHREY BOGART &
| LAUREN BACALL
82
________________ broadcast about McCarthy in 1954 effectively ended the senator’s career
Murrow’s “See it Now”
83
Murrow’s partner for his greatest work and later president of CBS News
FRED FRIENDLY
84
"You be the judge"
FRED FRIENDLY
85
Patriotant saint of broadcast journalism
Murrow & Friendly
86
EDITOR/PUBLISHER of the Las Vegas Sun
Hank Greenspun
87
Muckraking, aka
the literature of exposure (Greenspun)
88
Muckraking, aka
the literature of exposure
89
The ___________ Broadcasts March 9, 1954
McCarthy
90
“Good Night and Good Luck” (2005) David Strathairn was based on the life of
McCarthy
91
“Good Night and Good Luck” (2005) David Strathairn was based on the life of
McCarthy
92
Murrow closed his famous March 9, 1954, segment on Joseph McCarthy paraphrasing _________
Shakespeare.
93
"THE FAULT, DEAR BRUTUS, IS NOT IN OUR STARS, BUT IN OURSELVES"
-WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, JULIUS CAESAR I.II.135-141.
Quote used by Murrow to close his famous segment on Joseph McCarthy
94
“Have you no sense of decency?”
McCarthy with Joseph Welch on floor of Senate, June 9, 1954
95
________ “Farewell” at the Radio Television News Directors Association Convention, Oct. 15, 1958 (the RTNDA speech)
Murrow’s
96
“the boy genius”
Orson Welles
97
“the boy genius”
Orson Welles
98
His media career started in radio
| “The Shadow Knows!” (1937)
Orson Welles
99
Macbeth in Harlem, 1937
Orson Welles
100
Macbeth in Harlem, 1937
Orson Welles
101
OCTOBER 31, 1938, the day after:
| “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.”
Orson Welles
102
Produced by Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) Pictures and Welles (through Mercury) as a joint venture of radio (RCA) and theatre executives.
Citizen Kane
103
Welles’ punishment for
| terrifying listeners?
An unprecedented contract.
104
What happened to the careers of Welles and Hearst after the release of Citizen Kane?
Wells went up and Hearst went down
105
What was rosebud in the film Citizen Kane
A sled from his childhood that he couldn't get back.
106
What was Hearst's real-life rosebud?
Hearst’s mistress:
| MARION DAVIES
107
Times v. Sullivan (1964)
L.B. Sullivan, city commissioner, Montgomery, Alabama
Claims ad refers to him: Sues for libel
Jury grants $500,000 damages
Times appeals to Supreme Court . . .
108
___________ argues on behalf of the “profound national commitment to the principle that debate on public issues should be uninhibited, robust, and wide-open”
UNANIMOUS COURT (Times v. Sullivan 1964) precedent
109
A “public official” may not recover damages for defamatory falsehood unless statement
was made with “actual malice” or with “reckless disregard” of the truth.
Times v. Sullivan (1964) precedent
110
A “public official” may not recover damages for defamatory falsehood unless statement
was made with “actual malice” or with “reckless disregard” of the truth.
Times v. Sullivan (1964)
111
"the beginning and end of journalism history as we knew it"
FEAR AND LOATHING
The Counterculture
& Watergate
112
It didn’t really start here, but this magazine definitely popularized the movement
Rolling Stones
113
Goes to Berkeley, meets RALPH J. GLEASON, Drops out.
Jann Wenner
114
Famous for trying to push the limits of free speech.
| Screaming the F bomb
Jann Wenner
115
Famous for trying to push the limits of free speech.
| Screaming the F bomb
Jann Wenner
116
An important music journalist and an aging hipster buddy of Wenner’s
Ralph J. Gleason
117
San Francisco Chronicle, founding editor of Rolling Stone
Ralph J. Gleason
118
The first issue: Nov. 5, 1967
The Rolling Stones
119
The first issue: Nov. 5, 1967
The Rolling Stones
120
___________ put ROLLING STONE on the cultural map
| November 23, 1968
John Lennon
121
___________ put ROLLING STONE on the cultural map
| November 23, 1968
John Lennon
122
The headline in the San Francisco Examiner was
“Nude Beatle perils city”
123
The Annie Liebowitz picture was taken a day before
John Lennon
124
The Annie Liebowitz picture was taken a day before
John Lennon
125
Music was the first focus of the magazine, though it also sought to “embrace the lifestyle” the music represented.
The Rolling Stones
126
Gonzo before there was “Gonzo"
Lester Bangs
127
Life’s work collected as Psychotic Reactions and Carburetor Dung
Lester Bangs
128
Died of a drug overdose
Lester Bangs
129
1973: Wenner fires Bangs for being “disrespectful to musicians” and in turn promotes another colorful figure . . .
Hunter S. Thompson
130
1973: Wenner fires Bangs for being “disrespectful to musicians” and in turn promotes another colorful figure . . .
Hunter S. Thompson
131
* High school dropout
* National Observer, Latin America
* San Francisco
“Dr.” Thompson’s Life
132
He first came to Wenner’s attention as a candidate for sheriff of Aspen (1970)
Hunter S. Thompson
133
He first came to Wenner’s attention as a candidate for sheriff of Aspen (1970)
Hunter S. Thompson
134
This classic of literary journalism first appeared in two issues of Rolling Stone in 1971, credited to RAOUL DUKE. It appeared in book form, under THOMPSON’s name, in 1972.
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas
135
Thompson's attorney
Oscar Zeta Acosta (Dr. Gonzo)
136
“McKeen, You shit-eating freak. I warned you about writing that vicious trash about me. Now you better get fitted for a black eye patch, just in case one of your eyes gets gouged out by a bushy-haired stranger in a dimly-lit parking lot. How fast can you learn Braille? You are scum.”
Hunter S. Thompson
137
“McKeen, You shit-eating freak. I warned you about writing that vicious trash about me. Now you better get fitted for a black eye patch, just in case one of your eyes gets gouged out by a bushy-haired stranger in a dimly-lit parking lot. How fast can you learn Braille? You are scum.”
Hunter S. Thompson
138
His home was a fortified compound outside of Aspen
Hunter S. Thompson
139
Pulitzer Prize winning writer for the Times
Seymour Hersh
140
“the toughest reporter in America” (A GUARDDOG!)
Seymour Hersh
141
“the toughest reporter in America”
Seymour Hersh
142
March 1968 A division of American troops led by Calley enters _______ and, among other alleged crimes, kill approximately 500 unarmed men, women and children.
My Lai
143
60’s referred to as the
second reconstruction
144
My Lai fallout (what press story led to it?)
Calley convicted, sentenced, released
145
26th Amendment (how did the media influence ratification?)
June 14: Attorney General John
Mitchell warns Times against further publication.
June 15: Government wins restraining order against Times – injunction extended to Post, which joined efforts to publish documents.
June 30, 1971
U.S. Supreme Court lifts the prior restraints (6-3 vote)
146
Daniel Ellsberg leaks info ... June 13, 1971
Neil Sheehan’s first story on the Pentagon Papers
“Vietnam Archive:
Pentagon Study Traces
3 Decades of Growing
U.S. Involvement.”
The Pentagon Papers
147
Founders of modern journalism
Woodwar & Berstien
148
Should woodwar and berstiein the ropes
Ben Bradlee
149
Should woodwar and berstiein the ropes
BEN BRADLEE
150
Washington Post publisher (1917-2001)
Katherine
| Graham (Philip d. 1963)
151
Post publisher (1917-2001)
Katherine
| Graham (Philip d. 1963)
152
All The President’s Men (1976) was about
the REAL Deep Throat
153
“And that’s the way it is...”
"Uncle" Walter Cronkite
154
“And that’s the way it is...”
Uncle Walter
155
```
Worked for:
CBS
ABC
NBC
CNN
```
Connie Chung
156
60 minutes lead reporter (CBS)
Mike Wallace
157
Media critic, Former Dean of Grad School of Journalism, UC, Berkeley, author of The New Media Monopoly
Ben H. Bagdikian
158
“The Media” newspapers, magazines, books, movies, television, radio 6 to 20 huge corporations have dominant voice in developed and developing world, such as:
ABC/Disney; NBC/G.E; CBS/Viacom; Sony/Bertlesmann; Time/Warner; News Corporation ... [others]
159
Is it news, entertainment, both, or none of the above?
Infotainment
160
the company formerly known as AOL/Time Warner definitely a trans-national media conglomeration
Time Warner
161
He was responsible for creating this media empire, building it into an extension of himself, so that he is able to continue living, even though he is dead.
Henry R. Luce
162
In the beginning, LUCE and his partner BRITON HADDEN begat
```
• TIME magazine
Then LUCE (solo) begat
• FORTUNE
• LIFE
• SPORTS ILLUSTRATED
In death, LUCE begat
• MONEY
• PEOPLE
• IN STYLE ... and on and on and on
```
163
The first Time issue: March 23, 1923
Congressman Joseph Gurney Cannon retires first modern news magazine
164
Luce’s second magazine allowed him to glorify business
Fortune
165
It began publishing in 1929, an odd time to glorify business
Fortune
166
One of the primary forces behind LIFE was Luce’s second wife, playwright and ambassador _______
Clare Boothe Luce
167
One of the primary forces behind LIFE was Luce’s second wife, playwright and ambassador _______
Clare Boothe Luce
168
* Playwright
* Ambassador to Italy
* Congress (R) Conn. (1942-46)
* Vanity Fair, managing editor
* War-time journalism for LIFE
Clare Boothe Luce
169
Clare Boothe Luce helped her husband get access to ...
TIME WARNER
• TIME INC./Time, LIFE, People, etc.; Book of the
Month Club; Little, Brown and Co.; Warner Books, etc.
* WARNER BROS./Warner Bros. Pictures, New Line Cinema, WB Television, DC Comics, etc.
* WARNER MUSIC/Atlantic, Warner, Reprise, Rhino, Maverick, etc.; Columbia House; music publishing, etc.
* HBO/HBO, Cinemax, Comedy Central, cable companies, etc.
* CNN/Turner Entertainment, TNT, etc.
* AOL/AMERICA ONLINE (2001-2003)
170
Since the 70s (if not well before then) conglomeration has had
- Less competition
- (i.e.) Approx. 99% cities have only one daily newspaper
- Decrease in hard reporting
- Increase in soft features
171
“______ has unexpected effect on journalism,” AP, March 17, 2008
Web
172
Old Man and the Sea
Hemingway's last major piece of fiction
173
Dan Rather was a part of
CBS evening news
174
Dan Rather was a part of
CBS evening news
175
Reported JFK assignation and Watergate
Dan Rather
176
Nixon’s tapes (what role did they play?)
Sky rocketing Dan Rather's career because he accused the president of not answering the questions of Watergate
177
German film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, photographer, actress and dancer widely known for directing the Nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will.
Leni Riefenstahl
178
Prominence in the Third Reich, along with her personal association with Adolf Hitler, destroyed her film career following Germany's defeat in World War II, after which she was arrested but released without any charges.
Riefenstahl
179
Producer of 60 minutes
Lowell Bergman
180
Distinguished Chair in Investigative Reporting at the Graduate School of Journalism at UC Berkeley and director of the Investigative Reporting Program, where he has taught a seminar dedicated to investigative reporting for over 20 years.
Lowell Bergman
181
Producer/correspondent for the PBS documentary series Frontline.
Lowell Bergman
182
"the most trusted man in America"
Walter Cronkite
183
William Randolph Hearst and his New York Journal
Yellow Journalism
184
American businessman and pioneer of American radio and television. Throughout most of his career he led the Radio Corporation of America in various capacities from shortly after its founding in 1919 until his retirement in 1970
David Sarnoff
185
Founder of RCA (Radio Corporation of America) 1919
David Sarnoff
186
Invented Frequency Modulation (FM)
Edwin Howard Armstrong
187
he most prolific and influential inventor in radio history
Edwin Howard Armstrong
188
The inventor of radio
Guglielmo Marconi
189
"Father of Radio"
Lee de Forest
190
A pioneer in the development of sound-on-film recording used for motion pictures.
Lee de Forest
191
Theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves. Experiments also conducted
Nikola Tesla
192
American publisher. She led her family's newspaper, The Washington Post, for more than two decades, overseeing its most famous period, the Watergate coverage that eventually led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon.
Katherine Graham
193
He is the founder, chairman and CEO of global media holding company News Corporation, the world's second-largest media conglomerate,
Rupert Murdoch
194
His News Corporation acquired Twentieth Century Fox (1985), HarperCollins (1989)[14] and The Wall Street Journal (2007)
Rupert Murdoch
195
GE-NBC stands for
General Electric's National Broadcasting Company
196
CBS stands for
Columbia Broadcasting System
197
ABC stands for
American Broadcasting Company
198
“Good night and good luck” (who said it, why?);
Murrow
199
Wo created CBS?
Paley
200
“It is common talk among homosexuals in Milwaukee who rendezvous in the White Horse Inn that Senator Joe McCarthy has often engaged in homosexual activities.”
Las Vegas Sun, (Oct. 25, 1952)
| Hank Greenspan about McCarthy
