CHAPTER 9

Question 1

Is the use of formal authority to assure the achievement of goals and objectives.

Answer 1

Controlling

Question 2

Performance is measured and corrective action is taken to ensure the accomplishment of organizational goals.

Answer 2

Controlling

Question 3

It involves assisting, regulating, monitoring, and evaluating individual and group performance.

Answer 3

Controlling

Question 4

It promotes effective use of resources, provides professional reinforcements, and maintains activity and expectations.

Answer 4

Controlling

Question 5

serves both as a means and an end

Answer 5

Control

Question 6

Principles of Controlling

Answer 6

critical few
Point of Control
Self-control or discipline

Question 7

is the corresponding obligation

Answer 7

Responsibility

Question 8

answers for all actions done

Answer 8

Accountability

Question 9

meaning that fewer people involved brings about the best results

Answer 9

critical few

Question 10

decentralization or centralization of authority.

Answer 10

Point of Control

Question 11

which translates to personal acceptance of responsibility and accountability.

Answer 11

Self-control or discipline

Question 12

The Control Process

Answer 12

• Establish and specify criteria and performance standards.
• Monitor and measure performance of services and evaluate it against the standards through records, reports and observations.
• Compare performance with standards, models or criteria ro determine deviation or differences.
• Enact Remedial Measures or Steps to correct deviation or errors

Question 13

Techniques for monitoring and measuring services

Answer 13

Nursing Rounds
Quality Assurance
Nursing Audit

Question 14

Pay particular issues of patient care and nursing practice. This is will also satisfy needs and problems met or unmet.

Answer 14

Nursing Rounds

Question 15

Monitors compliance with established standards.

Answer 15

Quality Assurance

Question 16

Consists of documentation of the quality of nursing care in relation to the standards established by the nursing department.
Consists of documentation of the quality of nursing care in relation to the standards established by the nursing department.

Answer 16

Nursing Audit

Question 17

What to do During Nursing Rounds

Answer 17

1. Observe professionalism.
2. Assess and evaluate
3. Check for:
   - IV site and IVF patency and rate
   - Contraptions attached to patients such as NGT, FBC ,etc
4. Instructions
5. follow –up
6. Update

Question 18

It is degree to which health services for individuals and population increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.

Answer 18

Quality

Question 19

It is the statement or indication that inspires confidence.

Answer 19

Assurance

Question 20

is an on-going, systematic, comprehensive evaluation of health care services and impact of those services on health care services. (Kozier)

Answer 20

Quality assurance

Question 21

is defined as all activities undertaken to predate and prevent poor quality. (Neetvert)

Answer 21

Quality assurance

Question 22

Principles of Quality Assurance

Answer 22

• Customer Focus
• Leadership
• Involvement of People
• Process approach
• Factual approach to decision making

Question 23

It focuses on patient’s care with standard and recent medical knowledge.

Answer 23

Customer Focus

Question 24

It helps to inculcate qualities of leadership in staff.

Answer 24

Leadership

Question 25

It should involve maximum nursing staff so that standards can be maintained.

Answer 25

Involvement of People

Question 26

there should be a systematic and planned approach to provide quality care.

Answer 26

Process approach

Question 27

there should be fact or appropriate reason in taking certain decision for quality assurance of patient.

Answer 27

Factual approach to decision making

Question 28

a method of acquiring and processing information needed to improve the individual’s performance and accomplishments.

Answer 28

performance appraisal

Question 29

It consists of setting standards and objectives against determined standards and objecties; reviewing progress; having on-going feedback between the appraiser and the one who is being appraised, deletion or correction of identified beehavior as necessary.

Answer 29

Performance Appraisal

Question 30

methods used for performance appraisal

Answer 30

- anecdotal records - checklists - rating scale - ranking among others

Question 31

Benefit for the Organization

Answer 31

- Identify where management can improve working conditions in order to increase productivity and work quality. - Address behavioral issues before they impact departmental productivity. - Encourage employees to contribute more by recognizing their talents and skills - Support employees in skill and career development - Improve strategic decision-making in situations that require layoffs, succession planning, or filling open roles internally

Question 32

Benefit for the Employee

Answer 32

- Recognize and acknowledge the achievements and contributions made by an employee. - Recognize the opportunity for promotion or bonus. - Identify and support the need for additional training or education to continue career development. - Determine the specific areas where skills can be improved. - Motivate an employee and help them feel involved and invested in their career development. - Open discussion to an employee’s long-term goals.

Question 33

Tools to Evaluate Performance

Answer 33

- Trait Rating Scale - Job Dimension Scale - Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) - Checklist - Peer Review - Self- Appraisal - 360-degree feedback assessment - Negotiated appraisal

Question 34

A method of rating a person against a set of standards which may be the job decription, desired behavior and personal trait.

Answer 34

Trait Rating Scale

Question 35

it focuses on job requirements and the quality work performance.

Answer 35

Job Dimension Scale

Question 36

this focuses on desired behaviors to improve performance.

Answer 36

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS)

Question 37

it is composed of behavioral statements that represent desirable behavior.

Answer 37

Checklist

Question 38

It is colleagial evaluation of the performance done to promote excellence in practice and offer information, support, guidance, criticism and direction to one another.

Answer 38

Peer Review

Question 39

this tool allows the employee to evaluate his own performance.

Answer 39

Self- Appraisal

Question 40

Includes input from an individual, supervisor, and peers.

Answer 40

360-degree feedback assessment

Question 41

This newer trend utilizes a mediator and attempts to moderate the adversarial nature of performance evaluations by allowing the subject to present first. It also focuses on what the individual is doing right before any criticism is given. This structure tends to be useful during conflicts between subordinates and supervisors.

Answer 41

Negotiated appraisal

Question 42

Common Errors in Appraisal

Answer 42

- Halo Effect - Logical Error - Central Tendency Error - Hawthorne Effect - Horn’s Effect - Leniency Error

Question 43

This has a tendency to overrate staff based on the rater’s first impression to the one who is being appraised. The evaluation is based on the good traits or good things one sees in a person.

Answer 43

Halo Effect

Question 44

It is often based on first impression of the rater to one who is being appraised.

Answer 44

Logical Error

Question 45

This rates the staff as average. This is used by the rater when feedback tools are inadequate.

Answer 45

Central Tendency Error

Question 46

The behavior of the ratee changes simply because he is observed by the rater.

Answer 46

Hawthorne Effect

Question 47

This occurs when rating an employee very low because of an error committed.

Answer 47

Horn’s Effect

Question 48

There is the propensity to overlook the weakness and mistakes of the person being evaluated leading to an inaccurate picture of the job performance.

Answer 48

Leniency Error

Question 49

Performance Appraisal Process

Answer 49

1. The assessment process is usually facilitated by Human Resources, who assist managers and supervisors in conducting the individual appraisals within their departments. 2. An assessment method should be established. 3. Required competencies and job expectations need to be drafted for each employee. 4. Individual appraisals on employee performance are conducted. 5. A one on one interview is scheduled between the manager and employee to discuss the review. 6. Future goals should be discussed between employee and manager. 7. A signed-off version of the performance review is archived. 8. Appraisal information is utilized by human resources for appropriate organizational purposes, such as reporting, promotions, bonuses or succession planning.