Chapter 9 Flashcards
Cellular Respiration (26 cards)
calorie
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
How many calories are in 1 Calorie?
1000 calories
How many Calories does a gram of Carbohydrates or Protein contain?
4 Calories
How many Calories are in a gram of fat?
9 Calories
What is the definition of cellular respiration?
The process that releases energy from food in the presence of Oxygen
Equation/ Formula of Cellular Respiration
6CO2 +C6H12O6—-> 6CO2 +H2O +Energy
Note the subscripts
Aerobic
Require Oxygen (Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain)
Anaerobic
Don’t require oxygen (Glycolysis and Fermentation)
Why do you need 6 molecules of Oxygen in the formula/ equation?
The Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy
What is produced in Glycolysis?
2 NADH +2 Pyruvic Acid
What is the net gain of ATP in Glycolysis
2 ATP
How does Glycolysis produce ATP?
The rearranging of Carbon Molecules and Phospholization
What are the advantages of Glycolysis?
- It is fast
- It doesn’t require Oxygen
What is another name for the Krebs Cycle?
The Citric Acid Cycle
Where does Glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm of the cells
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
What happens every time a carbon atom joins with two oxygen molecules in the Krebs Cycle?
This creates CO2, and this produces NADH
Where do the electron carriers go from Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle?
To the electron transport chain
How much ATP is generated during the Krebs Cycle
2 ATP
In the ETC, what is the energy from the electron carriers used for?
To pump Hydrogen+ ions into the intermembrane space to create a concentration difference that powers the ATP synthase.
What is the final acceptor of the electrons
Oxygen! Creating water
How much ATP is generated in the ETC?
34 ATP
How much ATP is generated during cellular respiration?
36-38 ATP (36-38% of energy from glucose is used)
Why is fermentation needed following Glycolysis
NAD+ runs out quickly, so without it, Glycolysis can’t work
